Cover image for Advances in MRI of the knee for osteoarthritis
Title:
Advances in MRI of the knee for osteoarthritis
Publication Information:
New Jersey : World Scientific Publishing, 2010
Physical Description:
xiv, 268 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9789814271707

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30000010265244 RC931.O67 A332 2010 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Osteoarthritis is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in joint pain, and it is the most common joint disease. Interactions between all of the major joint tissues, including the articular cartilage, synovium, bone marrow, subchondral bone, trabecular bone, and muscle, have been implicated in osteoarthritis. Magnetic resonance images have been used to quantify the cartilage morphology, volume and thickness, and focal defects, and may reflect changes in the biochemical composition of articular cartilage. This book brings together contributions from key investigators in the area of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for osteoarthritis of the knee. Written by a multidisciplinary group of scientists, engineers, and clinicians, this book is the first to cover MRI as a new emerging modality for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis, and presents new findings in both basic and clinical science research.


Table of Contents

Richard B. Souza and Ryan DoanEhsan Saadat and Radu I. Bolbos and Michael D. RiesEhsan Saadat and Thomas M. LinkRoland Krug and Tobias D. Henning and Reinhard Meier and Brian HargreavesEhsan Saadat and Thomas M. Link and C. Benjamin MaJulio Carballido-Gamio and Felix EcksteinGabrielle Blumenkrantz and Xiaojuan Li and Ravinder R. Regatte and Alexej Jerschow and Sharmila MajumdarJanet Goldenstein and Gabrielle Blumenkrantz and Radu I. Bolbos and Xiaojuan Li
Contributorsp. ix
Prefacep. xiii
1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Kneep. 1
Previewp. 1
Bonep. 14
Cartilagep. 17
Joint Capsule and Ligamentsp. 19
Meniscip. 20
Musclesp. 21
Bursae and Fat Padsp. 23
Nociceptorsp. 24
Conclusionp. 25
2 Clinical Presentation and Natural History of Osteoarthritisp. 27
Introductionp. 27
Definition of Osteoarthritisp. 28
Primary and Secondary Osteoarthritisp. 30
Clinical Presentations of Osteoarthritisp. 30
Clinical Differential Diagnosisp. 35
Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritisp. 39
Conclusionsp. 56
3 Current Radiographic Diagnosis for Osteoarthritis of the Kneep. 69
Introductionp. 69
Radiographic Diagnosis of Knee Osteoarthritisp. 70
Radiographic Findings in Osteoarthritis and Their Correlation to Histopathologyp. 75
Conclusionsp. 79
4 Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imagingp. 85
Introductionp. 85
Overviewp. 86
MR Hardwarep. 91
Magnetic Resonance Conditionp. 91
The Bloch Equationp. 92
Spatial Encoding and Image Reconstructionp. 96
Signal Equationp. 101
Two- and Three-Dimensional Encodingp. 102
Field of View and Aliasing (Phase Wrap)p. 103
Pulse Sequencesp. 104
How to Increase SNRp. 107
How to Avoid Aliasingp. 109
How to Avoid Gibbs Ringing and Truncation Artefactsp. 109
How to Avoid Flow Artefactsp. 109
How to Avoid Motion Artefactsp. 110
How to Avoid Chemical Shift Artefactsp. 110
Abbreviationsp. 110
5 Current Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Clinical Diagnosis and Staging of Knee Osteoarthritisp. 113
Introductionp. 113
Current MR Techniques for Imaging of Knee Osteoarthritisp. 114
MRI Findings in Cartilage Lesions of Knee Osteoarthritisp. 116
MRI-Based Cartilage Scoring Systemsp. 130
Arthroscopic Evaluation of Articular Cartilagep. 131
MR Imaging of Cartilage Repairp. 133
Conclusionsp. 136
6 Quantitative Morphological Imaging of the Knee Jointp. 143
Previewp. 143
MR Pulse Sequences for Quantitative Analysis of Cartilage Morphologyp. 144
Quantitative Imaging-Based Measures of Cartilage Morphologyp. 150
Accuracy of Quantitative Measurementsp. 157
Precision of Quantitative Measurementsp. 159
Clinical Utility of Cartilage Morphologyp. 161
Summaryp. 172
7 Functional Imaging of the Knee Jointp. 185
Previewp. 185
T 1¿ Relaxation Timep. 186
Sodium MRIp. 197
gagCESTp. 204
T 2 Relaxation Timep. 212
dGEMRIC Imagingp. 217
Summaryp. 221
Abbreviationsp. 222
Acknowledgmentsp. 222
8 Bone and Osteoarthritisp. 235
Previewp. 235
MR Imaging Bone for OAp. 235
OA and Bonep. 238
Bone Matrix Levelp. 239
Bone Apparent Levelp. 243
Clinical Observationsp. 246
Interaction of Subchondral Bone and Cartilagep. 256
Summaryp. 257
Indexp. 267