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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Searching... | 30000010265244 | RC931.O67 A332 2010 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Osteoarthritis is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in joint pain, and it is the most common joint disease. Interactions between all of the major joint tissues, including the articular cartilage, synovium, bone marrow, subchondral bone, trabecular bone, and muscle, have been implicated in osteoarthritis. Magnetic resonance images have been used to quantify the cartilage morphology, volume and thickness, and focal defects, and may reflect changes in the biochemical composition of articular cartilage. This book brings together contributions from key investigators in the area of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for osteoarthritis of the knee. Written by a multidisciplinary group of scientists, engineers, and clinicians, this book is the first to cover MRI as a new emerging modality for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis, and presents new findings in both basic and clinical science research.
Table of Contents
Contributors | p. ix |
Preface | p. xiii |
1 Anatomy and Physiology of the Knee | p. 1 |
Preview | p. 1 |
Bone | p. 14 |
Cartilage | p. 17 |
Joint Capsule and Ligaments | p. 19 |
Menisci | p. 20 |
Muscles | p. 21 |
Bursae and Fat Pads | p. 23 |
Nociceptors | p. 24 |
Conclusion | p. 25 |
2 Clinical Presentation and Natural History of Osteoarthritis | p. 27 |
Introduction | p. 27 |
Definition of Osteoarthritis | p. 28 |
Primary and Secondary Osteoarthritis | p. 30 |
Clinical Presentations of Osteoarthritis | p. 30 |
Clinical Differential Diagnosis | p. 35 |
Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis | p. 39 |
Conclusions | p. 56 |
3 Current Radiographic Diagnosis for Osteoarthritis of the Knee | p. 69 |
Introduction | p. 69 |
Radiographic Diagnosis of Knee Osteoarthritis | p. 70 |
Radiographic Findings in Osteoarthritis and Their Correlation to Histopathology | p. 75 |
Conclusions | p. 79 |
4 Introduction to Magnetic Resonance Imaging | p. 85 |
Introduction | p. 85 |
Overview | p. 86 |
MR Hardware | p. 91 |
Magnetic Resonance Condition | p. 91 |
The Bloch Equation | p. 92 |
Spatial Encoding and Image Reconstruction | p. 96 |
Signal Equation | p. 101 |
Two- and Three-Dimensional Encoding | p. 102 |
Field of View and Aliasing (Phase Wrap) | p. 103 |
Pulse Sequences | p. 104 |
How to Increase SNR | p. 107 |
How to Avoid Aliasing | p. 109 |
How to Avoid Gibbs Ringing and Truncation Artefacts | p. 109 |
How to Avoid Flow Artefacts | p. 109 |
How to Avoid Motion Artefacts | p. 110 |
How to Avoid Chemical Shift Artefacts | p. 110 |
Abbreviations | p. 110 |
5 Current Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques for Clinical Diagnosis and Staging of Knee Osteoarthritis | p. 113 |
Introduction | p. 113 |
Current MR Techniques for Imaging of Knee Osteoarthritis | p. 114 |
MRI Findings in Cartilage Lesions of Knee Osteoarthritis | p. 116 |
MRI-Based Cartilage Scoring Systems | p. 130 |
Arthroscopic Evaluation of Articular Cartilage | p. 131 |
MR Imaging of Cartilage Repair | p. 133 |
Conclusions | p. 136 |
6 Quantitative Morphological Imaging of the Knee Joint | p. 143 |
Preview | p. 143 |
MR Pulse Sequences for Quantitative Analysis of Cartilage Morphology | p. 144 |
Quantitative Imaging-Based Measures of Cartilage Morphology | p. 150 |
Accuracy of Quantitative Measurements | p. 157 |
Precision of Quantitative Measurements | p. 159 |
Clinical Utility of Cartilage Morphology | p. 161 |
Summary | p. 172 |
7 Functional Imaging of the Knee Joint | p. 185 |
Preview | p. 185 |
T 1¿ Relaxation Time | p. 186 |
Sodium MRI | p. 197 |
gagCEST | p. 204 |
T 2 Relaxation Time | p. 212 |
dGEMRIC Imaging | p. 217 |
Summary | p. 221 |
Abbreviations | p. 222 |
Acknowledgments | p. 222 |
8 Bone and Osteoarthritis | p. 235 |
Preview | p. 235 |
MR Imaging Bone for OA | p. 235 |
OA and Bone | p. 238 |
Bone Matrix Level | p. 239 |
Bone Apparent Level | p. 243 |
Clinical Observations | p. 246 |
Interaction of Subchondral Bone and Cartilage | p. 256 |
Summary | p. 257 |
Index | p. 267 |