Methods for the study of deep-sea sediments, their functioning and biodiversity

Title:

Publication Information:

Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2010

Physical Description:

xxi, 428 p., [8] p. of plates : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cm.

ISBN:

9781439811375

Subject Term:

Benthic animals -- Research -- Methodology

Benthos -- Research -- Methodology

Marine sediments -- Research -- Methodology

Marine biology -- Methodology

Added Author:

Danovaro, Roberto

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010231228	QL121 M47 2010	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

For years scientists viewed the deep sea as calm, quiet, and undisturbed, with marine species existing in an ecologically stable and uniform environment. Recent discoveries have completely transformed that understanding and the deep sea is recognized as a complicated and dynamic environment with a rich diversity of marine species. Carefully designed to provide practical information in an easily accessible format, Methods for the Study of Deep-Sea Sediments, Their Functioning, and Biodiversity covers how to investigate the biological components through analysis of their biodiversity. It also provides the protocols and methodological details needed to investigate some aspects of the functional biodiversity of variables commonly utilized to describe and understand the drivers of deep-sea ecosystem functioning.

This volume contains detailed protocols for analyzing all benthic components from benthic viruses, prokaryotes, protozoa, foraminifera, to meio-, macro-, and megafauna. It includes step-by-step procedures, with additional notes on the crucial steps or possible difficulties arising from the analysis. Each chapter provides a brief introduction, a description of the sampling procedures and/or the sample treatment, and then the laboratory protocols, providing information on instrument setting and/or the solutions utilized. Each chapter also contains a visual scheme of the protocol for use during laboratory activities and for tracking each laboratory step. Linking information on biodiversity with the functioning of the marine ecosystems, the book covers all living components of the benthos. It provides practical information for anyone studying deep-sea habitats, their characteristics, functioning, and biodiversity.

Author Notes

Director Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy

Foreword	p. xi
Premise	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Contributors	p. xvii
Introduction	p. xix
Section I Deep-Sea Environmental Variables
Chapter 1 Total Organic Matter and Water Contents, Grain Size, Bulk Density, Porosity, and Redox Potential of Sediments	p. 3
Chapter 2 Total Organic Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Organic Phosphorus in Marine Sediments	p. 13
Chapter 3 Bioavailable Organic Matter: Total and Enzymatically Hydrolyzable Proteins, Carbohydrates, and Lipids	p. 23
Chapter 4 Photosynthetic Pigment Concentrations in Marine Sediments	p. 45
Section II Food Supply of Organic Matter to the Deep-Sea Floor
Chapter 5 Fluxes of Labile Organic Matter to the Sea Floor	p. 55
Chapter 6 Total Carbohydrate Flux from Sediment Trap Samples	p. 59
Chapter 7 Total Protein Flux from Sediment Trap Samples	p. 63
Chapter 8 Total Lipid Flux from Sediment Trap Samples	p. 69
Chapter 9 Total DNA from Sediment Trap Samples	p. 75
Chapter 10 Phytopigment Flux from Sediment Trap Samples	p. 81
Section III Deep-Sea Benthic Life
Chapter 11 Viral Abundance	p. 87
Chapter 12 Prokaryotic Abundance	p. 95
Chapter 13 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization and Catalyzed Reporter Deposition for Benthic Prokaryote Assemblage Structure	p. 107
Chapter 14 Prokaryotic Abundance by Real-Time PCR	p. 121
Chapter 15 Abundance of Heterotrophic Benthic Protists	p. 131
Chapter 16 Abundance of Benthic Foraminitera	p. 141
Chapter 17 Abundance of Metazoan Meiofauna	p. 149
Chapter 18 Macrofaunal Abundance	p. 161
Chapter 19 Megafaunal Abundance	p. 167
Section IV Deep-Sea Benthic Diversity
Chapter 20 Extraction and Purification of DNA from Marine Sediments Suitable for the Analysis of Prokaryotic Diversity	p. 181
Chapter 21 Archaeal Diversity Analysis Using 16S rDNA T-RFLP (Terminal-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms)	p. 197
Chapter 22 Benthic Bacterial Diversity Based on Cloning and Sequencing of 16S rRNA Genes	p. 209
Chapter 23 Benthic Bacterial Diversity Analysis Based on ARISA (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis)	p. 223
Chapter 24 Meiofaunal Diversity	p. 235
Chapter 25 Macrofaunal and Megafaunal Diversity	p. 253
Chapter 26 Parameters for the Measurement of Marine Benthic Structural and Functional Diversity	p. 259
Section V Deep-Sea Benthic Functioning
Chapter 27 Deep-Sea Experiments and Manipulations	p. 269
Chapter 28 Effect of Pressure on Enzymatic Activities, Viral Production, and Prokaryotic Heterotrophic Production	p. 285
Chapter 29 Organic Carbon Remineralization Rates in Marine Surface Sediments	p. 291
Chapter 30 Degradation and Turnover of Organic Matter in Marine Sediments	p. 297
Chapter 31 Extracellular DNA Extraction from Marine Sediments	p. 303
Chapter 32 Degradation of Extracellular DNA in Marine Sediments	p. 311
Chapter 33 Viral Production in Marine Sediments	p. 317
Chapter 34 Determination of Living/Dead and Active/Dormant Bacterial Fractions in Marine Sediments	p. 323
Chapter 35 Prokaryotic Biomass in Marine Sediments	p. 331
Chapter 36 Benthic Prokaryotic Heterotrophic Production Using the Leucine Incorporation Method	p. 337
Chapter 37 Prokaryotic Chemoautotrophic Production in Marine Sediments	p. 343
Chapter 38 Meiofaunal Biomass and Secondary Production	p. 351
Chapter 39 Macrofaunal and Megafaunal Biomass and Biochemical Composition	p. 369
Chapter 40 Protistan Grazing on Benthic Prokaryotes and Viruses	p. 377
Chapter 41 Meiobenthic Preoption on Prokaryotes	p. 385
Chapter 42 Analysis of Benthic Food Webs and Benthic Trophodynarmcs	p. 393
Section VI Suggested Readings for the Study of Deep-Sea Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
Suggested Readings	p. 405
Index	p. 417

Available:*

On Order

Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents