Cover image for Fundamental methods of mathematical economics
Title:
Fundamental methods of mathematical economics
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Edition:
4th ed.
Publication Information:
New York : McGraw-Hill, 2005
ISBN:
9780070109100
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Summary

Summary

It has been 20 years since the last edition of this classic text. Kevin Wainwright, a long time user of the text (British Columbia University and Simon Fraser University), has executed the perfect revision---he has updated examples, applications and theory without changing the elegant, precise presentation style of Alpha Chiang. Readers will find the wait was worthwhile.


Table of Contents

Prefacep. x
Part 1 Introduction
1 The Nature of Mathematical Economicsp. 3
1.1 Mathematical versus Nonmathematical Economicsp. 3
1.2 Mathematical Economics versus Econometricsp. 5
2 Economic Modelsp. 7
2.1 Ingredients of a Mathematical Modelp. 7
2.2 The Real-Number Systemp. 10
2.3 The Concept of Setsp. 11
2.4 Relations and Functionsp. 17
2.5 Types of Functionp. 23
2.6 Functions of Two or More Independent Variablesp. 29
2.7 Levels of Generalityp. 31
Part 2 Static (or Equilibrium) Analysis
3 Equilibrium Analysis in Economicsp. 35
3.1 The Meaning of Equilibriump. 35
3.2 Partial Market Equilibrium--A Linear Modelp. 36
3.3 Partial Market Equilibrium--A Nonlinear Modelp. 40
3.4 General Market Equilibriump. 46
3.5 Equilibrium in National-Income Analysisp. 52
4 Linear Models and Matrix Algebrap. 54
4.1 Matrices and Vectorsp. 55
4.2 Matrix Operationsp. 58
4.3 Notes on Vector Operationsp. 67
4.4 Commutative, Associative, and Distributive Lawsp. 76
4.5 Identity Matrices and Null Matricesp. 79
4.6 Transposes and Inversesp. 82
5 Linear Models and Matrix Algebra (Continued)p. 88
5.1 Conditions for Nonsingularity of a Matrixp. 88
5.2 Test of Nonsingularity by Use of Determinantp. 92
5.3 Basic Properties of Determinantsp. 98
5.4 Finding the Inverse Matrixp. 103
5.5 Cramer's Rulep. 107
5.6 Application to Market and National-Income Modelsp. 112
5.7 Leontief Input-Output Modelsp. 115
5.8 Limitations of Static Analysisp. 124
Part 3 Comparative-Static Analysis
6 Comparative Statics and the Concept of Derivativep. 127
6.1 The Nature of Comparative Staticsp. 127
6.2 Rate of Change and the Derivativep. 128
6.3 The Derivative and the Slope of a Curvep. 131
6.4 The Concept of Limitp. 132
6.5 Digression on Inequalities and Absolute Valuesp. 141
6.6 Limit Theoremsp. 145
6.7 Continuity and Differentiability of a Functionp. 147
7 Rules of Differentiation and Their Use in Comparative Staticsp. 155
7.1 Rules of Differentiation for a Function of One Variablep. 155
7.2 Rules of Differentiation Involving Two or More Functions of the Same Variablep. 159
7.3 Rules of Differentiation Involving Functions of Different Variablesp. 169
7.4 Partial Differentiationp. 174
7.5 Applications to Comparative-Static Analysisp. 178
7.6 Note on Jacobian Determinantsp. 184
8 Comparative-Static Analysis of General-Function Modelsp. 187
8.1 Differentialsp. 188
8.2 Total Differentialsp. 194
8.3 Rules of Differentialsp. 196
8.4 Total Derivativesp. 198
8.5 Derivatives of Implicit Functionsp. 204
8.6 Comparative Statics of General-Function Modelsp. 215
8.7 Limitations of Comparative Staticsp. 226
Part 4 Optimization Problems
9 Optimization: A Special Variety of Equilibrium Analysisp. 231
9.1 Optimum Values and Extreme Valuesp. 232
9.2 Relative Maximum and Minimum: First-Derivative Testp. 233
9.3 Second and Higher Derivativesp. 239
9.4 Second-Derivative Testp. 245
9.5 Digression on Maclaurin and Taylor Seriesp. 254
9.6 Nth-Derivative Test for Relative Extremum of a Function of One Variablep. 263
10 Exponential and Logarithmic Functionsp. 268
10.1 The Nature of Exponential Functionsp. 269
10.2 Natural Exponential Functions and the Problem of Growthp. 274
10.3 Logarithmsp. 282
10.4 Logarithmic Functionsp. 287
10.5 Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functionsp. 292
10.6 Optimal Timingp. 298
10.7 Further Applications of Exponential and Logarithmic Derivativesp. 302
11 The Case of More than One Choice Variablep. 307
11.1 The Differential Version of Optimization Conditionsp. 308
11.2 Extreme Values of a Function of Two Variablesp. 310
11.3 Quadratic Forms--An Excursionp. 319
11.4 Objective Functions with More than Two Variablesp. 332
11.5 Second-Order Conditions in Relation to Concavity and Convexityp. 337
11.6 Economic Applicationsp. 353
11.7 Comparative-Static Aspects of Optimizationp. 364
12 Optimization with Equality Constraintsp. 369
12.1 Effects of a Constraintp. 370
12.2 Finding the Stationary Valuesp. 372
12.3 Second-Order Conditionsp. 379
12.4 Quasiconcavity and Quasiconvexityp. 387
12.5 Utility Maximization and Consumer Demandp. 400
12.6 Homogeneous Functionsp. 410
12.7 Least-Cost Combination of Inputsp. 418
12.8 Some Concluding Remarksp. 431
Part 5 Dynamic Analysis
13 Economic Dynamics and Integral Calculusp. 435
13.1 Dynamics and Integrationp. 436
13.2 Indefinite Integralsp. 437
13.3 Definite Integralsp. 447
13.4 Improper Integralsp. 454
13.5 Some Economic Applications of Integralsp. 458
13.6 Domar Growth Modelp. 465
14 Continuous Time: First-Order Differential Equationsp. 470
14.1 First-Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficient and Constant Termp. 470
14.2 Dynamics of Market Pricep. 475
14.3 Variable Coefficient and Variable Termp. 480
14.4 Exact Differential Equationsp. 483
14.5 Nonlinear Differential Equations of the First Order and First Degreep. 489
14.6 The Qualitative-Graphic Approachp. 493
14.7 Solow Growth Modelp. 496
15 Higher-Order Differential Equationsp. 502
15.1 Second-Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients and Constant Termp. 503
15.2 Complex Numbers and Circular Functionsp. 511
15.3 Analysis of the Complex-Root Casep. 523
15.4 A Market Model with Price Expectationsp. 529
15.5 The Interaction of Inflation and Unemploymentp. 535
15.6 Differential Equations with a Variable Termp. 541
15.7 Higher-Order Linear Differential Equationsp. 544
16 Discrete Time: First-Order Difference Equationsp. 549
16.1 Discrete Time, Differences, and Difference Equationsp. 550
16.2 Solving a First-Order Difference Equationp. 551
16.3 The Dynamic Stability of Equilibriump. 557
16.4 The Cobweb Modelp. 561
16.5 A Market Model with Inventoryp. 566
16.6 Nonlinear Difference Equations--The Qualitative-Graphic Approachp. 569
17 Higher-Order Difference Equationsp. 576
17.1 Second-Order Linear Difference Equations with Constant Coefficients and Constant Termp. 577
17.2 Samuelson Multiplier-Acceleration Interaction Modelp. 585
17.3 Inflation and Unemployment in Discrete Timep. 591
17.4 Generalizations to Variable-Term and Higher-Order Equationsp. 596
18 Simultaneous Differential Equations and Difference Equationsp. 605
18.1 The Genesis of Dynamic Systemsp. 605
18.2 Solving Simultaneous Dynamic Equationsp. 608
18.3 Dynamic Input-Output Modelsp. 616
18.4 The Inflation-Unemployment Model Once Morep. 623
18.5 Two-Variable Phase Diagramsp. 628
18.6 Linearization of a Nonlinear Differential-Equation Systemp. 638
18.7 Limitations of Dynamic Analysisp. 646
Part 6 Mathematical Programming
19 Linear Programmingp. 651
19.1 Simple Examples of Linear Programmingp. 652
19.2 General Formulation of Linear Programsp. 661
19.3 Convex Sets and Linear Programmingp. 665
19.4 Simplex Method: Finding the Extreme Pointsp. 671
19.5 Simplex Method: Finding the Optimal Extreme Pointp. 676
19.6 Further Notes on the Simplex Methodp. 682
20 Linear Programming (Continued)p. 688
20.1 Dualityp. 688
20.2 Economic Interpretation of a Dualp. 696
20.3 Activity Analysis: Micro Levelp. 700
20.4 Activity Analysis: Macro Levelp. 709
21 Nonlinear Programmingp. 716
21.1 The Nature of Nonlinear Programmingp. 716
21.2 Kuhn-Tucker Conditionsp. 722
21.3 The Constraint Qualificationp. 731
21.4 Kuhn-Tucker Sufficiency Theorem: Concave Programmingp. 738
21.5 Arrow-Enthoven Sufficiency Theorem: Quasiconcave Programmingp. 744
21.6 Economic Applicationsp. 747
21.7 Limitations of Mathematical Programmingp. 754
The Greek Alphabetp. 756
Mathematical Symbolsp. 757
A Short Reading Listp. 760
Answers to Selected Exercise Problemsp. 763
Indexp. 781