Modeling and simulation in the medical and health sciences

This edited book is divided into three parts: Fundamentals of Medical and Health Sciences Modeling and Simulation introduces modeling and simulation in the medical and health sciences; Medical and Health Sciences Models provides the theoretical underpinnings of medical and health sciences modeling; and Modeling and Simulation Applications in Medical and Health Sciences focuses on teaching, training, and research applications. The book begins with a general discussion of modeling and simulation from the modeling and simulation discipline perspective. This discussion grounds the reader in common terminology. It also relates this terminology to concepts found in the medical and health care (MHC) area to help bridge the gap between developers and MHC practitioners. Three distinct modes of modeling and simulation are described: live, constructive, and virtual. The live approach explains the concept of using real (live) people employing real equipment for training purposes. The constructive mode is a means of engaging medical modeling and simulation. In constructive simulation, simulated people and simulated equipment are developed to augment real-world conditions for training or experimentation purposes. The virtual mode is perhaps the most fascinating as virtual operating rooms and synthetic training environments are being produced for practitioners and educators at break-neck speed. In this mode, real people are employing simulated equipment to improve physical skills and decision-making ability.

Author Notes

John A. Sokolowski, PhD, is the Executive Director of the Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center (VMASC) at old Dominion University, where he is also Associate Professor of Modelling and Simulation Engineering. He is the coeditor of Principle of Modelling and Simulation. A Multidiscipanary Approach and Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals. Theoretical Underpinnings and practical Domains and coauthor of Modeling and Simulation for Analyzing Global Events, all published by wiley.
Catherine M. Banks PhD, is Research Associate Professor at VMASC. She is the coeditor of principles of Modeling and Simulation. A Multidiciplinary Approach and Modeling and Simulation Fundamentals: Theoretical Underpinning and Practical Domains and the coauthor of Modeling and Simulation for Analyzing Global Events.

Catherine M. BanksJohnA. SokolowskiJohn A. AdamStacie l. RinglebC. Donald CombsMohammed Ferdjallah and GyuTae KimRichard LeePaulE. PhrampusEugene Santos and Jr., Joseph M. Rosen and Keum Joo Kim and Fei Yu and Deqing Li and ElizabethA. Jacob and LindsayB. KatonaRichardM. Satava

Contributors	p. ix
Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Part 1 Fundamentals Of Medical And Health Sciences Modeling and Simulation	p. 1
1 Introduction to Modeling and Simulation in the Medical and Health Sciences	p. 3
Introduction	p. 3
Modeling and Simulation in the Medical and Health Sciences	p. 4
Research and Development of Medical and Health Sciences M&S	p. 8
The Question of Ethics in Medical and Health Sciences M&S	p. 11
Conclusion	p. 19
Key Terms	p. 20
References	p. 20
2 The Practice of Modeling and Simulation: Tools of the Trade	p. 23
Introduction	p. 23
Modeling and Simulation Terms and Definitions	p. 23
Modeling and Simulation Paradigms	p. 26
Conclusion	p. 32
Key Terms	p. 32
References	p. 32
Part 2 Modeling For The Medical And Health Sciences	p. 35
3 Mathematical Models of Tumor Growth and Wound Healing	p. 37
Introduction	p. 37
Other Basic Models pf Tumor Cell Population Growth: Multicellular Spheroids	p. 40
Diffusion of Growth Inhibitor	p. 41
Time-Evolutionary Diffusion Models	p. 43
Tumor Angiogenesis	p. 46
Conclusion	p. 59
Key Terms	p. 61
References	p. 61
Further Reading	p. 63
4 Physical Modeling	p. 65
Introduction	p. 65
Tangible Physical Models	p. 66
Cadaver-Based Models	p. 70
Animal Models	p. 73
Computational Physical Models	p. 74
Conclusion	p. 78
Key Terms	p. 79
References	p. 79
Part 3 Modeling And Simulation Applications	p. 85
5 Humans as Models	p. 87
Introduction	p. 87
Cadavers and Wax Models	p. 88
Standardized Patients	p. 91
Plastination	p. 100
Human Data Sets	p. 103
Conclusion	p. 105
Key Terms	p. 106
References	p. 106
6 Modeling the Human System	p. 109
Introduction	p. 109
Organ Modeling	p. 110
Modeling of Muscular Electrophysiology	p. 111
Conclusion	p. 118
Key Terms	p. 119
References	p. 119
7 Robotics	p. 121
Introduction	p. 121
Robotics Technology	p. 122
Using Robotics: Advantages and Disadvantages	p. 123
Conclusion	p. 124
Key Terms	p. 124
8 Training	p. 125
Introduction	p. 125
Types of Training	p. 129
Creating Successful Simulations in Health Care	p. 132
Training programs and student levels	p. 136
Simulation-Based Training	p. 139
Barriers to Simulation Training in Health Care	p. 143
Key Terms	p. 144
References	p. 144
Further Reading	p. 145
9 Patient Care	p. 147
Introduction	p. 147
Related Work	p. 149
Team Performance	p. 150
Surgical Intent Inferencing	p. 153
Empirical Study	p. 158
Conclusion	p. 170
Key Terms	p. 171
References	p. 171
10 Future of Modeling and Simulation in the Medical and Health Sciences	p. 175
Introduction	p. 175
Future Processes for Modeling and Simulation	p. 177
Future Technologies and Applications	p. 184
Conclusion	p. 192
Key Terms	p. 193
References	p. 193
Appendix Modeling Human Behavior, Modeling Human Systems: Addressing the Skepticism, Responding to the Reservations	p. 195
Index	p. 207

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