Cover image for Microwave imaging
Title:
Microwave imaging
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Series:
Wiley series in microwave and optical engineering
Publication Information:
Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2010
Physical Description:
viii, 285 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9780470278000

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30000010235667 TA417.25 P37 2010 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

An introduction to the most relevant theoretical and algorithmic aspects of modern microwave imaging approaches

Microwave imaging--a technique used in sensing a given scene by means of interrogating microwaves--has recently proven its usefulness in providing excellent diagnostic capabilities in several areas, including civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering.

Microwave Imaging offers comprehensive descriptions of the most important techniques so far proposed for short-range microwave imaging--including reconstruction procedures and imaging systems and apparatus--enabling the reader to use microwaves for diagnostic purposes in a wide range of applications. This hands-on resource features:

A review of the electromagnetic inverse scattering problem formulation, written from an engineering perspective and with notations

The most effective reconstruction techniques based on diffracted waves, including time- and frequency-domain methods, as well as deterministic and stochastic space-domain procedures

Currently proposed imaging apparatus, aimed at fast and accurate measurements of the scattered field data

Insight on near field probes, microwave axial tomographs, and microwave cameras and scanners

A discussion of practical applications with detailed descriptions and discussions of several specific examples (e.g., materials evaluation, crack detection, inspection of civil and industrial structures, subsurface detection, and medical applications)

A look at emerging techniques and future trends

Microwave Imaging is a practical resource for engineers, scientists, researchers, and professors in the fields of civil and industrial engineering, nondestructive testing and evaluation, geophysical prospecting, and biomedical engineering.


Author Notes

Matteo Pastorino, PHD, is a Professor of Electromagnetic Fields and the Director of the Department of Biophysical and Electronic Engineering, University of Genoa, Italy. He teaches the university courses in electromagnetic fields and remote sensing and electromagnetic propagation. Professor Pastorino's main research interests are in the field of microwave and millimeter wave imaging, direct and inverse scattering problems, industrial and medical applications, smart antennas, and analytical and numerical methods in electromagnetism. He is the coauthor of more than 350 papers in international journals and proceedings of conferences.


Table of Contents

1 Introductionp. 1
2 Electromagnetic Scatteringp. 4
2.1 Maxwell's Equationsp. 4
2.2 Interface Conditionsp. 6
2.3 Constitutive Equationsp. 7
2.4 Wave Equations and Their Solutionsp. 9
2.5 Volume Scattering by Dielectric Targetsp. 14
2.6 Volume Equivalence Principlep. 16
2.7 Integral Equationsp. 18
2.8 Surface Scattering by Perfectly Electric Conducting Targetsp. 19
Referencesp. 19
3 The Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problemp. 20
3.1 Introductionp. 20
3.2 Three-Dimensional Inverse Scatteringp. 22
3.3 Two-Dimensional Inverse Scatteringp. 24
3.4 Discretization of the Continuous Modelp. 28
3.5 Scattering by Canonical Objects: The Case of Multilayer Elliptic Cylindersp. 41
Referencesp. 53
4 Imaging Configurations and Model Approximationsp. 57
4.1 Objectives of the Reconstructionp. 57
4.2 Multiillumination Approachesp. 58
4.3 Tomographic Configurationsp. 59
4.4 Scanning Configurationsp. 63
4.5 Configurations for Buried-Object Detectionp. 65
4.6 Born-Type Approximationsp. 65
4.7 Extended Born Approximationp. 68
4.8 Rytov Approximationp. 70
4.9 Kirchhoff Approximationp. 73
4.10 Green's Function for Inhomogeneous Structuresp. 73
Referencesp. 77
5 Qualitative Reconstruction Methodsp. 79
5.1 Introductionp. 79
5.2 Generalized Solution of Linear III-Posed Problemsp. 80
5.3 Regularization Methodsp. 82
5.4 Singular Value Decompositionp. 84
5.5 Singular Value Decomposition for Solving Linear Problemsp. 87
5.6 Regularized Solution of a Linear System Using Singular Value Decompositionp. 90
5.7 Qualitative Methods for Object Localization and Shapingp. 91
5.8 The Linear Sampling Methodp. 92
5.9 Synthetic Focusing Techniquesp. 101
5.10 Qualitative Methods for Imaging Based on Approximationsp. 103
5.11 Diffraction Tomographyp. 103
5.12 Inversion Approaches Based on Born-Like Approximationsp. 108
5.13 The Born Iterative Methodp. 117
5.14 Reconstruction of Equivalent Current Densityp. 118
Referencesp. 119
6 Quantitative Deterministic Reconstruction Methodsp. 123
6.1 Introductionp. 123
6.2 Inexact Newton Methodsp. 125
6.3 The Truncated Landweber Methodp. 127
6.4 Inexact Newton Method for Electric Field Integral Equation Formulationp. 129
6.5 Inexact Newton Method for Contrast Source Formulationp. 136
6.6 The Distorted Born Iterative Methodp. 142
6.7 Inverse Scattering as an Optimization Problemp. 147
6.8 Gradient-Based Methodsp. 148
Referencesp. 150
7 Quantitative Stochastic Reconstruction Methodsp. 153
7.1 Introductionp. 153
7.2 Simulated Annealingp. 154
7.3 The Genetic Algorithmp. 158
7.4 The Differential Evolution Algorithmp. 170
7.5 Particle Swarm Optimizationp. 177
7.6 Ant Colony Optimizationp. 180
7.7 Code Parallelizationp. 187
Referencesp. 189
8 Hybrid Approachesp. 193
8.1 Introductionp. 193
8.2 The Memetic Algorithmp. 195
8.3 Linear Sampling Method and Ant Colony Optimizationp. 201
Referencesp. 203
9 Microwave Imaging Apparatuses and Systemsp. 205
9.1 Introductionp. 205
9.2 Scanning Systems for Microwave Tomographyp. 205
9.3 Antennas for Microwave Imagingp. 211
9.4 The Modulated Scattering Technique and Microwave Camerasp. 214
Referencesp. 226
10 Applications of Microwave Imagingp. 229
10.1 Civil and Industrial Applicationsp. 229
10.2 Medical Applications of Microwave Imagingp. 241
10.3 Shallow Subsurface Imagingp. 252
Referencesp. 258
11 Microwave Imaging Strategies, Emerging Techniques, and Future Trendsp. 264
11.1 Introductionp. 264
11.2 Potentialities and Limitations or Three-Dimensional Microwave Imagingp. 265
11.3 Amplitude-Only Methodsp. 269
11.4 Support Vector Machinesp. 269
11.5 Metamaterials for Imaging Applicationsp. 272
11.6 Through-Wall Imagingp. 274
Referencesp. 274
Indexp. 278