Microwave circulator design

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Title:

Personal Author:

Linkhart, Douglas K.

Series:

Artech House microwave library

Edition:

2nd ed.

Publication Information:

Norwood, Mass. : Artech House, c2014

Physical Description:

xv, 364 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9781608075836

Subject Term:

Circulators, Wave-guide -- Design and construction

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010330456	TK7871.65 L56 2014	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

This title contains a discussion of the various units used in the circulator design computations as well as covering the theory of operation. It presents numerous applications, giving microwave engineers new ideas about how to solve problems using circulators.

Author Notes

Douglas K. Linkhart has over 30 years of engineering experience with microwave circulators. He earned his A.S. in physics from Brookdale Community College in New Jersey, BSCS from Thomas Edison State College in New Jersey, and MBA from the University of South Florida.

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xv
1 Theory of Operation	p. 1
1.1 Units, Conversions, and Symbols	p. 1
1.2 The Physical Basis of Ferrimagnetism	p. 4
1.3 Ferrimagnetic Resonance	p. 11
1.4 Microwave Propagation in Ferrites	p. 15
1.5 Other Technologies	p. 29
1.5.1 Semiconductor Circulators	p. 29
1.5.2 Nanotechnology Circulators	p. 30
1.5.3 Thin Ferrite Films	p. 31
1.5.4 Active Circulators	p. 32
2 Circulator Specification	p. 35
2.1 The Parameters	p. 35
2.2 Reflections and Segmentation	p. 48
2.3 Junction Circulators	p. 52
2.3.1 Single-Ferrite (Non-Composite) Junction Circulators	p. 54
2.3.2 Composite-Ferrite Junction Circulators	p. 56
2.4 Lumped-Constant Circulators	p. 56
2.5 Differential Phase Shift Circulators	p. 58
2.6 Switching Circulators	p. 60
2.7 Okada Circulators	p. 61
2.8 Field-Displacement Isolators	p. 61
2.9 Resonance Isolators	p. 64
3 Applications of Circulators	p. 69
3.1 Load Isolation	p. 69
3.2 Duplexing	p. 71
3.3 Multiplexing	p. 76
3.4 Parametric Amplifiers	p. 77
3.5 Phase Shifting	p. 81
4 Material Selection	p. 87
4.1 Ferrites	p. 87
4.1.1 Ferrite Classes	p. 87
4.1.2 Ferrite Manufacturing	p. 88
4.1.3 Design Considerations	p. 90
4.1.4 Test Methods	p. 91
4.1.5 Specifications	p. 93
4.1.6 Temperature Effects	p. 93
4.1.7 Ferrite Selection	p. 96
4.2 Magnet Selection	p. 100
4.3 Magnetic Compensating Material Selection	p. 102
4.4 Dielectric Selection	p. 103
4.5 Metals Selection	p. 104
5 Electrical Design	p. 107
5.1 Junction Circulators	p. 107
5.1.1 Basic Principles	p. 107
5.1.2 Historical Papers	p. 111
5.1.3 Above-Resonance Approximations	p. 125
5.1.4 Below-Resonance Approximations	p. 130
5.1.5 Network Synthesis	p. 132
5.1.6 Center Conductor Geometries	p. 143
5.1.7 Waveguide Junction Geometries	p. 149
5.1.8 Stripline Circulator Synthesis Algorithm	p. 153
5.1.9 Microstrip Circulator Synthesis Algorithm	p. 157
5.1.10 Waveguide Junction Circulator Synthesis Algorithm	p. 161
5.1.11 Okada Circulators	p. 163
5.1.12 Circulators Having Composite Ferrites	p. 165
5.2 Lumped-Constant Circulators	p. 167
5.3 Differential Phase Shift Circulators	p. 171
5.4 Resonance Isolators	p. 177
5.5 Dummy Loads for Isolators	p. 179
5.6 Temperature Effects	p. 181
5.7 Intermodulation Distortion	p. 186
5.8 RF Power Effects	p. 187
5.8.1 Steady-State Thermal Effects	p. 187
5.8.2 Transient Thermal Effects	p. 191
5.8.3 Voltage Breakdown	p. 193
5.8.4 Spin-Wave Instability	p. 198
6 Magnetic Design	p. 205
6.1 Magnet Sizing	p. 205
6.1.1 Ferrite Demagnetization Factors	p. 207
6.1.2 Leakage Flux Approximation	p. 213
6.1.3 Approximate Design of Magnetic Circuits	p. 214
6.1.4 Simulation of Magnetic Circuits	p. 217
6.2 Shielding	p. 219
6.3 Temperature Compensation	p. 221
6.4 Completing the Circuit	p. 223
6.5 Special Cases	p. 225
6.5.1 Switching Circulators	p. 225
6.5.2 Self-Biased Circulators	p. 228
6.5.3 Considerations for Microstrip Circulators	p. 228
7 Mechanical Design	p. 231
7.1 Thermal Considerations	p. 231
7.1.1 Stripline Power Handling	p. 231
7.1.2 Power Dissipation in Ferrites	p. 233
7.1.3 Cooling of Ferrites	p. 234
7.2 Venting	p. 235
7.3 Coaxial Junction Circulators	p. 237
7.3.1 Packaging Techniques	p. 237
7.3.2 Dimensional Tolerances	p. 242
7.3.3 Controlling Cavity Resonances	p. 244
7.3.4 Transitions	p. 249
7.3.5 RFI Control	p. 253
7.3.6 Dissimilar Metals	p. 253
7.3.7 Finishes	p. 253
7.4 Lumped-Constant Circulators	p. 254
7.5 Waveguide Circulators	p. 256
7.6 Resonance Isolators	p. 258
8 Assembly and Testing	p. 261
8.1 Assembly Techniques	p. 261
8.2 Testing	p. 268
8.2.1 Finding the Operating Point	p. 268
8.2.2 Taking Data	p. 271
8.2.3 RF Power Testing	p. 272
8.2.4 Inter modulation Testing	p. 272
8.2.5 Multipaction Testing	p. 273
8.2.6 Magnetic Moment Measurement	p. 275
8.2.7 Measurement Uncertainty and Gauge Studies	p. 276
9 Tuning	p. 281
9.1 Interaction Between Magnetic and Electrical Adjustments	p. 281
9.2 Magnetic Adjustment	p. 281
9.2.1 Above-Resonance Magnetic Adjustment	p. 282
9.2.2 Below-Resonance Magnetic Adjustment	p. 283
9.2.3 Magnet Charging, Calibration, and Stabilization	p. 283
9.3 Electrical Adjustment	p. 285
9.4 Eigenvalue Evaluation	p. 295
10 Design Examples	p. 301
10.1 Introduction to Examples	p. 301
10.2 Above-Resonance Stripline Junction Circulator	p. 302
10.3 Below-Resonance Stripline Junction Circulator	p. 311
10.4 Waveguide Junction Circulator	p. 319
10.5 Microstrip Circulator	p. 324
10.6 Differential Phase Shift Circulator	p. 329
10.7 Lumped-Constant Circulator	p. 333
List of Symbols	p. 339
Frequently Used Equations	p. 347
About the Author	p. 351
Index	p. 353

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Summary

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Author Notes

Table of Contents