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Summary
Summary
Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods have dominated most of the fields of applied research and technology over the last twenty years. These techniques provide information on the functional efficiency of materials and structures without causing any structural impact on the structure itself. Their use enables the monitoring of the structural integrity, the structural condition as well as the service in-duced degradation of materials and structures during their service life. In this respect, they address a vast field of applications ranging from the aerospace and automotive industry to civil engineering structures and material
quality control.
This volume comprises scientific papers presented during the Fifth Conference on Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing (Ioannina, Greece, 19-21 September 2011). A broad spectrum of related research was presented during the course of the conference, including optical, acoustic, thermal, electrical and electromagnetic methods together with imaging tomographic and signal processing techniques. Special attention was given to NDE for Civil Engineering Structures and for the first time in the conference series, a multiple session on NDE for the protection of cultural heritage was organized.
Emerging Technologies in Non-Destructive Testing V contains contributions by experts in this field from 22 different countries worldwide. Reflecting the stateof-the-art in Non-Destructive Evaluation, the book will prove to be a valuable companion to students, engineers and industrial partners who are active in the field of non-destructive evaluation and testing. This volume will also provide students and researchers with insight into the focal points of contemporary research efforts in the field of non-destructive evaluation.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xi |
Organisation | p. xiii |
Plenary lectures | |
Nondestructive evaluation, structural health monitoring and optical diagnostics at NASA Glenn: A summary | p. 3 |
Visualized impact-echo technique for defects in concrete by SIBIE procedure | p. 7 |
Structural health monitoring for aircraft, ground transportation vehicles, wind turbines and pipes-prognosis | p. 15 |
NDT in diagnostics & protection of cultural heritage | |
Application of ground penetrating radar for the assessment of the decay state of Hagia Sophia's mosaics | p. 25 |
Assessment of cleaning interventions on marble surfaces using pulsed thermography | p. 31 |
Contribution of NDT to the sustainable preservation of the Church of Santa Maria in Gradi, Viterbo, Italy | p. 37 |
Investigation strategies for the diagnosis of historic structures | p. 43 |
Radar-based vibration measurement on historic masonry towers | p. 51 |
Dynamic testing of historic iron bridge at different levels of excitation | p. 57 |
NDT characterization of ancient glass objects from the Aegean with an approach of the manufacturing technique | p. 63 |
Image analysis for artistic style identification: A powerful tool for preserving cultural heritage | p. 71 |
Application of IR thermography to damage characterization of structures and the diagnosis of historic monuments | p. 77 |
Iron based and other ancient pigments for pottery decoration | p. 83 |
A new non-destructive technological approach for fragile archaeological finds | p. 89 |
On-site measurement & monitoring by NDT in infrastructures | |
Damage identification of PC cable breakage by means of acoustic emission | p. 95 |
Mesh-independent ray-trace algorithm for concrete structures | p. 103 |
Influence of the fiber chemical coating on the fracture behavior of steel fiber concrete measured by acoustic emission | p. 111 |
Onsite measurements of concrete structures using Impact-Echo and Impulse Response | p. 117 |
A study on the structural stability of the Asinelli Tower in Bologna | p. 123 |
Visual inspection and evaluation using NDT testing methods of industrial building after fire | p. 131 |
Concrete compressive strength estimation in-situ at precast beams using direct and indirect testing methods according to EN 13791 | p. 137 |
AE monitoring of shrinkage process in concrete | p. 143 |
Acoustic emission behavior during corrosion process in reinforced concrete in proof of EPMA | p. 149 |
Quantitative evaluation of impact force on impact-echo method | p. 155 |
Sensors and structural health monitoring | |
The use of chirped fibre Bragg grating sensors to monitor delaminations in composite materials and structures | p. 163 |
Structural Health Monitoring in an operational airliner: Results on the implementation of percolation sensors achieved within the European Project: "Aircraft Integrated Structural Health Assessment II (AISHA II)" | p. 169 |
Cure monitoring of cross-ply composite laminates with an encapsulated fibre Bragg grating | p. 175 |
Advanced NDT techniques for damage detection in a honeycomb composite helicopter tailboom | p. 181 |
On the use of a CFBG sensor to monitor scarf repairs of composite panels | p. 187 |
The use of flat coil sensors and impedance spectroscopy for fatigue crack monitoring of Al 2024-T3 plates | p. 193 |
In-situ local strain measurement in textile composites with embedded optical fibre sensors | p. 199 |
The use of a polarimetric fibre sensor to detect impact damage in aircraft composites | p. 205 |
Ultrasonics | |
A comparative study on novelty detection and frequency analysis of Lamb waves for the monitoring of metallic repaired structures | p. 213 |
Detection and characterization of surface defects in metals using surface waves | p. 219 |
Inspection for flaws in steel using ultrasonic testing and fracture mechanics approach | p. 225 |
Methods for detection and cleaning of fouling in pipelines | p. 231 |
Ultrasonic guided waves propagation in complex structures | p. 237 |
Exploiting time reversal principles for the accurate determination of longitudinal and shear material velocities | p. 245 |
Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy as a tool for noninvasive examination of Zirconia head of hip prosthesis | p. 253 |
New opportunities for ultrasonic characterization of stiffness anisotropy in composite materials | p. 259 |
Ultrasonic characterization of materials using Laser Doppler Vibrometer measurements: A multi-input approach | p. 265 |
Preliminary results on non-contact characterisation of weathered mineral materials by surface acoustic waves | p. 271 |
Experimental and numerical polar scans of several anisotropic materials using pulsed and harmonic ultrasonic beams | p. 275 |
Damage monitoring of composite laminates using ultrasonics | p. 281 |
Non linear NDT | |
Filters, transducers, and receivers for nonlinear acoustic measurements | p. 289 |
Finite element simulations of Contact Acoustic Nonlinearities (CANs) | p. 295 |
Defect localization using the nonlinear impact modulation technique | p. 301 |
Imaging multiple defects in solids by means of selective source reduction and time reversed acoustics | p. 307 |
Multi-frequency defect-selective nonlinear imaging and NDT | p. 313 |
Acoustic emmission | |
AE monitoring at laser cutting | p. 321 |
Acoustic emission analysis for corrosion pitting of MgCl 2 droplet | p. 327 |
Fracture properties of nanosilica-based cement mortars monitored by acoustic emission | p. 333 |
Acoustic emission monitoring of wheel sets on moving trains | p. 341 |
Health monitoring of operating wind turbine blades with acoustic emission | p. 347 |
Real-time damage location and assessment in composite structures with acoustic emission | p. 353 |
Electrical methods | |
Electrical resistance measurement for in situ health monitoring of carbon nanotube/polymer composites | p. 361 |
Strain and damage sensing in carbon fiber polymer matrix composite by electrical resistance measurement | p. 367 |
Damage sensing of carbon nanotubes embedded glass fiber composites based on electrical resistance change | p. 373 |
Electric and magnetic brain activity. Disjoint or overlaping information? | p. 377 |
Non destructive evaluation of artificially induced damage in composite structures using electrical resistance/potential mapping | p. 381 |
Electrical tomography as a tool for non-destructive assessment of composite structures | p. 389 |
On line monitoring of damage during fatigue loading of composite patch repair of composite structures | p. 395 |
Electrical resistance and electrical potential studies for the detection and monitoring of damage in hybrid composites | p. 401 |
Imaging & signal processing | |
Damage detection of steel bridge girder using Artificial Neural Networks | p. 409 |
Atomic force microscopy quantitative and qualitative nanoscale characterization of collagen thin films | p. 415 |
Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient by using digital image correlation | p. 421 |
Improving TOFD sizing of near surface defects by wavelet transform | p. 427 |
Noninvasive method for establishing the diffused hydrogen content in Zirconium Alloy used in PHWR | p. 431 |
Digital methods for flakiness and shape definition | p. 437 |
Experimentally induced errors in Digital Image Correlation measurement of small strains with large gradients | p. 441 |
Characterisation of the local fibre volume content nearby moulded holes in textile-reinforced thermoplastic components | p. 447 |
Modeling GPR data to understand the problems in rebar size measurements | p. 453 |
The application of information processing techniques towards an effective on line prognostic scheme for rotating machinery | p. 459 |
Inspection methods | |
The necessity of lift inspection in Greece | p. 467 |
Experimental study on the strain contribution of horizontal and vertical web reinforced bar of HSSCC deep beams | p. 471 |
NDT and safety of crude oil storage tanks | p. 477 |
Detection of radial cracks at fastener holes by either eddy current or line heating stimulated thermography | p. 483 |
Apparatus for measuring of liquid conductivity | p. 489 |
Electromagnetic wave absorbing properties of composites with hollow magnetic fibers | p. 495 |
Automated system for non-destructive testing of structure and stress state of metallic materials | p. 499 |
Visual inspection and evaluation using NDT testing methods of extensively cracked concrete floor | p. 503 |
Author index | p. 509 |