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Summary
Summary
A renewed global interest in nuclear power is underway due to concerns about the contribution of combustion of fossil fuels to climate change and the unreliability of the supply of fossil fuels. Nuclear power is currently an important source of carbon-free, safe, and domestic energy in many countries. However, concerns about nuclear waste disposal and the proliferation of nuclear weapons have hindered its expanded use and continued development. As world demand for energy continues to rise, it is recognized that nuclear energy will be required to meet this demand in an environmentally sustainable manner. Responsible management of nuclear wastes, more efficient processes for conversion of uranium to energy, and effective and secure techniques for recycling used nuclear fuel are some of the key issues which must be addressed in order to develop sustainable nuclear energy technologies for the 21st century.
This book is based on the papers presented at a recent and very successful symposium entitled Nuclear Energy and the Environment held at the 238th American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting in Washington, DC, August 16-20, 2009. The 3-day ACS symposium was well attended with participants from Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, Taiwan, and the USA discussing research ideas and progress in separation of actinides and fission products, green separation techniques, radiation effects, and repository chemistry. This book starts with an overview of challenges in actinide separation chemistry for advanced nuclear fuel cycles and roadmaps of new cleanup technologies by the U.S. Department of Energy. It is followed by 3 sections covering recent research and development in separations chemistry, radiation chemistry, and repository chemistry. The book documents reasons to be optimistic for the future of nuclear power and challenges facing nuclear scientists and engineers today.
Author Notes
Chien M. Wai is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Idaho.
Bruce J. Mincher is a research scientist at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).
Table of Contents
Preface | p. xi |
Acknowledgement | p. xiii |
Introduction | |
1 The Nuclear Renaissance: Producing Environmentally Sustainable Nuclear Power | p. 3 |
Overview | |
2 Separations Research for Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles | p. 13 |
3 Challenges for Actinide Separations in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycles | p. 19 |
4 Roadmapping New Cleanup Technologies in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Management | p. 39 |
Separations Chemistry | |
5 Green Separation Techniques for Nuclear Waste Management | p. 53 |
6 Development of a Unique Process for Recovery of Uranium from Incinerator Ash | p. 65 |
7 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Mixed Wastes: PAH, PCB, Uranium and Lanthanum in Solid Matrices | p. 79 |
8 Actinide(III) Recovery from High Active Waste Solutions Using Innovative Partitioning Processes | p. 89 |
9 Combining Octyl(phenyl)-N, N-diisobutyl-carbamoylmethyl phosphine Oxide and Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid Extractants for Recovering Transuranic Elements from Irradiated Nuclear Fuel | p. 107 |
10 Development of a Novel Ganex Process | p. 119 |
11 Extraction Chromatographic Separation of Trivalent Minor Actinides Using iHex-Btp/Si02- P Resin | p. 131 |
12 Recent Advances in the Development of the Hybrid Sulfur Process for Hydrogen Production | p. 141 |
13 Green Process for Uranium Separations Utilizing Molybdenum Trioxide | p. 155 |
14 Alpha Spectrometry of Thick Samples for Environmental and Bioassay Monitoring | p. 169 |
Radiation Chemistry | |
15 An Overview of Selected Radiation Chemical Reactions Affecting Fuel Cycle Solvent Extraction | p. 181 |
16 Aqueous Nitric Acid Radiation Effects on Solvent Extraction Process Chemistry | p. 193 |
17 Nitration Mechanisms of Anisole during Gamma Irradiation of Aqueous Nitrite and Nitrate Solutions | p. 205 |
18 Radiolytic Degradation of Heterocyclic Nitrogen Containing Ligands from Low Dose-Rate Gamma Sources | p. 215 |
19 Kinetics and Efficiencies of Radiolytic Degradation in Lanthanide/Actinide Separation Ligands - Nopopo | p. 231 |
20 Effects of Aqueous Phase Radiolysis on Lactic Acid Under Talspeak Conditions | p. 243 |
21 Diamex Solvent Behavior under Continuous Degradation and Regeneration Operations | p. 255 |
22 Steady-State Radiolysis: Effects of Dissolved Additives | p. 271 |
Repository Chemistry | |
23 Bridging the Gap in the Chemical Thermodynamic Database for Nuclear Waste Repository: Studies of the Effect of Temperature on Actinide Complexation | p. 299 |
24 Evaluation of ThorÖ Mineralized Waste Forms (Granular and Monolith) for the DOE Advanced Remediation Technologies (Art) Phase 2 Project | p. 319 |
25 Effects of Organic Acids on Biotransformation of Acinides | p. 333 |
26 The Role of Dissolved Hydrogen on the Corrosion/Dissolution of Spent Nuclear Fuel | p. 349 |
27 Integrated Repository Science for the Long-Term Prediction of Nuclear Waste Disposal | p. 381 |
Indexes | |
Author Index | p. 407 |
Subject Index | p. 409 |