Cover image for Nuclear energy and the environment
Title:
Nuclear energy and the environment
Series:
ACS symposium series ; 1046
Publication Information:
Washington, DC : American Chemical Society ; [New York] : Distributed by Oxford University Press, c2010
Physical Description:
xiii, 414 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9780841225855

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30000010297792 TD812 N83 2010 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

A renewed global interest in nuclear power is underway due to concerns about the contribution of combustion of fossil fuels to climate change and the unreliability of the supply of fossil fuels. Nuclear power is currently an important source of carbon-free, safe, and domestic energy in many countries. However, concerns about nuclear waste disposal and the proliferation of nuclear weapons have hindered its expanded use and continued development. As world demand for energy continues to rise, it is recognized that nuclear energy will be required to meet this demand in an environmentally sustainable manner. Responsible management of nuclear wastes, more efficient processes for conversion of uranium to energy, and effective and secure techniques for recycling used nuclear fuel are some of the key issues which must be addressed in order to develop sustainable nuclear energy technologies for the 21st century.

This book is based on the papers presented at a recent and very successful symposium entitled Nuclear Energy and the Environment held at the 238th American Chemical Society (ACS) National Meeting in Washington, DC, August 16-20, 2009. The 3-day ACS symposium was well attended with participants from Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, Taiwan, and the USA discussing research ideas and progress in separation of actinides and fission products, green separation techniques, radiation effects, and repository chemistry. This book starts with an overview of challenges in actinide separation chemistry for advanced nuclear fuel cycles and roadmaps of new cleanup technologies by the U.S. Department of Energy. It is followed by 3 sections covering recent research and development in separations chemistry, radiation chemistry, and repository chemistry. The book documents reasons to be optimistic for the future of nuclear power and challenges facing nuclear scientists and engineers today.


Author Notes

Chien M. Wai is Professor of Chemistry at the University of Idaho.

Bruce J. Mincher is a research scientist at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL).


Table of Contents

Bruce J. MincherT. A. ToddK. L. Nash and J. C. BraleyJohn R. Wiley and Edwin PrzybylowiczChien M. WaiSydney S. KoeglerJoanna S. Wang and Wen Yen Chang and HuaKwang Yak and KongHwa ChiuGiuseppe ModoloGregg J. Lumetta and Jennifer C. Carter and Artem V. Gelis and George F. VandegriftEmma Aneheim and Christian Ekberg and Anna Fermvik and Mark R. S. ForemanN. Surugaya and Y. Sano and M. Yamamoto and A. Kurosawa and T. HiyamaH. R. Colon-Mercado and M. C. Elvington and J. L. Steimke and T. J. Steeper and D. T. Herman and M. B. Gorensek and W. A. Summers and D. T. HobbsMohamed Chehbouni and Hamed Al-Busaidi and Allen W. ApblettT. M. Semkow and A. J. Khan and D. K. Haines and A. Bari and G. Sibbens and S. Pommé and S. E. Beach and I. AlMahamid and G. L. BeachBruce J. MincherStephen P. Mezyk and Thomas D. Cullen and Gracy Elias, and Bruce J. MincherGracy Elias and Bruce J. Mincher and Stephen P. Mezyk and Thomas D. Cullen and Leigh R. MartinAnna Fermvik and Mikael Nilsson and Christian EkbergKaty L. Swancutt and Stephen P. Mezyk and Leigh R. Martin and Richard D. Tillotson and Sylvie Pailloux and Manab Chakravarty and Robert T. PaineLeigh R. Martin and Bruce J. Mincher and Stephen P. Mezyk and Gracy Elias and Richard D. TillotsonB. Camés and I. Bisel and P. Baron and C. Hill and D. Rudloff and B. SaucerotteJ. C. WrenLinfeng Rao and Guoxin Tian and Yuanxian Xia and Judah I. Friese and PierLuigi Zanonato and Plinio Di BernardoC. L. Crawford and C. M JantzenToshihiko Ohnuki and Naofumi Kozai and Takuo Ozaki and Fuminori Sakamoto and Yoshinori Suzuki and Takahiro YoshidaM. E. Broczkowski and D. Zagidulin and D. W. ShoesmithPatricia Paviet-Hartmann and Thomas Hartmann
Prefacep. xi
Acknowledgementp. xiii
Introduction
1 The Nuclear Renaissance: Producing Environmentally Sustainable Nuclear Powerp. 3
Overview
2 Separations Research for Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cyclesp. 13
3 Challenges for Actinide Separations in Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cyclesp. 19
4 Roadmapping New Cleanup Technologies in the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Managementp. 39
Separations Chemistry
5 Green Separation Techniques for Nuclear Waste Managementp. 53
6 Development of a Unique Process for Recovery of Uranium from Incinerator Ashp. 65
7 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Mixed Wastes: PAH, PCB, Uranium and Lanthanum in Solid Matricesp. 79
8 Actinide(III) Recovery from High Active Waste Solutions Using Innovative Partitioning Processesp. 89
9 Combining Octyl(phenyl)-N, N-diisobutyl-carbamoylmethyl phosphine Oxide and Bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric Acid Extractants for Recovering Transuranic Elements from Irradiated Nuclear Fuelp. 107
10 Development of a Novel Ganex Processp. 119
11 Extraction Chromatographic Separation of Trivalent Minor Actinides Using iHex-Btp/Si02- P Resinp. 131
12 Recent Advances in the Development of the Hybrid Sulfur Process for Hydrogen Productionp. 141
13 Green Process for Uranium Separations Utilizing Molybdenum Trioxidep. 155
14 Alpha Spectrometry of Thick Samples for Environmental and Bioassay Monitoringp. 169
Radiation Chemistry
15 An Overview of Selected Radiation Chemical Reactions Affecting Fuel Cycle Solvent Extractionp. 181
16 Aqueous Nitric Acid Radiation Effects on Solvent Extraction Process Chemistryp. 193
17 Nitration Mechanisms of Anisole during Gamma Irradiation of Aqueous Nitrite and Nitrate Solutionsp. 205
18 Radiolytic Degradation of Heterocyclic Nitrogen Containing Ligands from Low Dose-Rate Gamma Sourcesp. 215
19 Kinetics and Efficiencies of Radiolytic Degradation in Lanthanide/Actinide Separation Ligands - Nopopop. 231
20 Effects of Aqueous Phase Radiolysis on Lactic Acid Under Talspeak Conditionsp. 243
21 Diamex Solvent Behavior under Continuous Degradation and Regeneration Operationsp. 255
22 Steady-State Radiolysis: Effects of Dissolved Additivesp. 271
Repository Chemistry
23 Bridging the Gap in the Chemical Thermodynamic Database for Nuclear Waste Repository: Studies of the Effect of Temperature on Actinide Complexationp. 299
24 Evaluation of ThorÖ Mineralized Waste Forms (Granular and Monolith) for the DOE Advanced Remediation Technologies (Art) Phase 2 Projectp. 319
25 Effects of Organic Acids on Biotransformation of Acinidesp. 333
26 The Role of Dissolved Hydrogen on the Corrosion/Dissolution of Spent Nuclear Fuelp. 349
27 Integrated Repository Science for the Long-Term Prediction of Nuclear Waste Disposalp. 381
Indexes
Author Indexp. 407
Subject Indexp. 409