Title:
Optical fiber communication systems with MATLAB and Simulink models
Personal Author:
Series:
Optics and photonics ; 11
Edition:
2nd ed.
Publication Information:
Boca Raton : CRC Press 2015
Physical Description:
xxvii, 871 pages : illustrations (black and white) ; 26 cm.
ISBN:
9781482217513
Available:*
Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Searching... | 30000010344075 | TK5103.592.F52 B563 2015 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
On Order
Summary
Summary
Carefully structured to instill practical knowledge of fundamental issues, Optical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models describes the modeling of optically amplified fiber communications systems using MATLAB® and Simulink®. This lecture-based book focuses on concepts and interpretation, mathematical procedures, and engineering applications, shedding light on device behavior and dynamics through computer modeling.
Supplying a deeper understanding of the current and future state of optical systems and networks, this Second Edition :
Reflects the latest developments in optical fiber communications technology Includes new and updated case studies, examples, end-of-chapter problems, and MATLAB® and Simulink® models Emphasizes DSP-based coherent reception techniques essential to advancement in short- and long-term optical transmission networksOptical Fiber Communication Systems with MATLAB® and Simulink® Models, Second Edition is intended for use in university and professional training courses in the specialized field of optical communications. This text should also appeal to students of engineering and science who have already taken courses in electromagnetic theory, signal processing, and digital communications, as well as to optical engineers, designers, and practitioners in industry.
Author Notes
Le Nguyen Binh is a technical director at the European Research Center of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. in Munich, Germany. He is the editor, author, and/or coauthor of numerous books, as well as the editor of CRC Press' Optics and Photonics series.
Table of Contents
| Preface |
| List of Abbreviations |
| Introduction |
| Historical Perspectives |
| Digital Modulation for Advanced Optical Transmission Systems |
| Demodulation Techniques |
| MATLAB ® Simulink ® Platform |
| Organization of the Book Chapters |
| Optical Fibers: Geometrical and Guiding Properties |
| Motivations and Some Historical Background |
| Dielectric Slab Optical Waveguides |
| Structure |
| Numerical Aperture |
| Modes of Symmetric Dielectric Slab Waveguides |
| Optical-Guided Modes |
| Cutoff Properties |
| Optical Fiber: General Properties |
| Geometrical Structures and Index Profile |
| The Fundamental Mode of Weakly Guiding Fibers |
| Cutoff Properties |
| Single and Few Mode Conditions |
| Power Distribution and Approximation of Spot Size |
| Power Distribution |
| Approximation of Spot Size r 0 of a Step-Index Fiber |
| Equivalent Step-Index (ESI) Description |
| Definitions of ESI Parameters |
| Accuracy and Limits |
| Examples on ESI Techniques |
| General Method |
| Nonlinear Optical Effects |
| Nonlinear Phase Modulation Effects |
| Optical Fiber Manufacturing and Cabling |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Problems |
| References |
| Optical Fibers: Signal Attenuation and Dispersion |
| Introduction |
| Signal Attenuation in Optical Fibers |
| Intrinsic or Material Attenuation |
| Absorption |
| Rayleigh Scattering |
| Waveguide Loss |
| Bending Loss |
| Microbending Loss |
| Joint or Splice Loss |
| Attenuation Coefficient |
| Signal Distortion in Optical Fibers |
| Basics on Group Velocity |
| Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) |
| Transfer Function of Single-Mode Fibers |
| Higher-Order Dispersion |
| Transmission Bit-Rate and the Dispersion Factor |
| Polarization Mode Dispersion |
| Fiber Nonlinearity |
| Advanced Optical Fibers: Dispersion-Shifted, -Flattened, and -Compensated Optical Fibers |
| Effects of Mode Hopping |
| Numerical Solution: Split-Step Fourier Method |
| Symmetrical Split-Step Fourier Method (SSFM) |
| MATLAB ® Program and MATLAB ® Simulink ® Models of the SSFM |
| Modeling of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) |
| Optimization of Symmetrical SSFM |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Appendix |
| Appendix: MATLAB ® Program for the Design of Optical Fibers--A Solution to the Mini-Project Design |
| Appendix: Program Listings for the Design of Standard Single-Mode Fiber |
| Appendix: Program Listings for Design of Nonzero Dispersion-Shifted Fibers |
| Appendix: Program Listings of the Split Step Fourier Method with SPM and Raman Gain Distribution |
| Appendix: Program Listings of Initialization File |
| Problems |
| References |
| Overview of Modeling Techniques for Optical Transmission Systems Using MATLAB ® Simulink ® |
| Overview |
| Optical Transmitter |
| Background of External Optical Modulators |
| Optical Phase Modulator |
| Optical Intensity Modulator |
| Impairments of Optical Fiber |
| Chromatic Dispersion (CD) |
| Chromatic Dispersion as a Total of Material Dispersion and Waveguide Dispersion |
| Dispersion Length |
| Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) |
| Fiber Nonlinearity |
| Modeling of Fiber Propagation |
| Symmetrical SSFM |
| Modeling of PMD |
| Optimization of Symmetrical SSFM |
| Optical Amplifiers |
| Optical and Electrical Filters |
| Optical Receiver |
| Performance Evaluation |
| Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) |
| OSNR Penalty |
| Eye Opening (EO) |
| Conventional Evaluation Methods |
| Novel Statistical Methods |
| MATLAB ® Simulink ® Modeling Platform |
| General Model |
| Initialization File |
| OCSS©: A MATLAB ® Simulation Platform |
| Overview |
| System Design Using Software Simulation |
| Optical Communication Systems Simulator: OCSS© Simulation Platform |
| Transmitter Module |
| Optical Fiber Module |
| Receiver Module |
| System Simulation |
| Equalized Optical Communications Systems |
| Soliton Optical Communications Systems |
| Remarks |
| Concluding Remarks |
| References |
| Optical Direct and External Modulation |
| Introduction |
| Direct Modulation |
| Introductory Remarks |
| Physics of Semiconductor Lasers |
| Modeling and Development of Optical Transmitter |
| Conditions for the Laser Rate Equations |
| Power Output and Eye-Diagram Analysis |
| Introduction to Optical External Modulation |
| Phase Modulators |
| Intensity Modulators |
| Phasor Representation and Transfer Characteristics |
| Bias Control |
| Chirp-Free Optical Modulators |
| Structures of Photonic Modulators |
| Typical Operational Parameters |
| Electro-Absorption Modulators |
| Silicon-Based Optical Modulators |
| MATLAB ® Simulink ® Models of External Optical Modulators |
| Remarks |
| Appendices |
| OCSS Simulation Platform |
| Initial Conditions for Photon Density, S(t) and Carrier Density, N(t) |
| References |
| Advanced Modulation Format Optical Transmitters |
| Introduction |
| Digital Modulation Formats |
| ASK Modulation Formats and Pulse Shaping |
| Return-to-Zero Optical Pulses |
| Phasor Representation of CSRZ Pulses |
| Phasor Representation of RZ33 Pulses |
| Differential Phase Shift Keying |
| Background |
| Optical DPSK Transmitter |
| Generation of Modulation Formats |
| Amplitude-Modulation ASK-NRZ and ASK-RZ |
| Discrete Phase-Modulation NRZ Formats |
| Photonic MSK Transmitter Using Two Cascaded Electro-Optic Phase Modulators |
| Optical MSK Transmitter Using Mach-Zehnder Intensity Modulators: I-Q Approach |
| Single Sideband (SSB) Optical Modulators |
| Optical RZ-MSK |
| Multi-Carrier Multiplexing (MCM) Optical Modulators |
| Spectra of Modulation Formats |
| Generation of QAM Signals |
| Generation |
| Optimum Setting for Square Constellations |
| Remarks |
| Appendix: Structures of Mach-Zehnder Modulator |
| Problems |
| References |
| Direct Detection Optical Receivers |
| Introduction |
| Optical Receivers in Various Systems |
| Receiver Components |
| Photodiodes |
| Detection and Noises |
| Linear Channel |
| Data Recovery |
| Noises in Photodetectors |
| Receiver Noises |
| Noise Calculations |
| Performance Calculations for Binary Digital Optical Systems |
| Signals Received |
| Probability Distribution |
| Minimum Average Optical Received Power |
| Total Output Noises and Pulse Shape Parameters |
| An HEMT-Matched Noise Network Preamplifier |
| Matched Network for Noise Reduction |
| Noise Theory and Equivalent Input Noise Current |
| Trans Impedance Amplifier: Differential and Nondifferential Types |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Appendix: Noise Equations |
| Problems |
| References |
| Digital Coherent Optical Receivers |
| Introduction |
| Coherent Receiver Components |
| Coherent Detection |
| Optical Heterodyne Detection |
| Optical Homodyne Detection |
| Self-Coherent Detection and Electronic DSP |
| Coherent and Incoherent Receiving Techniques |
| Digital Processing in Advanced Optical Communication Systems |
| Digital Signal Processing associated with Coherent Optical Receiver |
| Overview DSP-Assisted Coherent Reception |
| Polarization Multiplexed Coherent Reception: Analog Section |
| DSP-Based Phase Estimation and Correction of Phase Noise and Nonlinear Effects |
| DSP-Based Forward Phase Estimation of Optical Coherent Receivers of QPSK Modulation Format |
| Coherent Receiver Analysis |
| Shot-Noise-Limited Receiver Sensitivity |
| Remarks |
| Problems |
| References |
| EDF Amplifiers and Simulink ® Models |
| Introductory Remarks |
| Fundamental and Theoretical Issues of EDFAs |
| EDFA Configuration |
| EDFA Operational Principles |
| Pump Wavelength and Absorption Spectrum |
| EDFAs in Long-Haul Transmission Systems |
| EDFA Simulation Model |
| Amplifier Parameters |
| EDFAs Dynamic Model |
| Amplifier Noises |
| EDFA Simulation Model |
| EDFA MATLAB ® Simulink ® Model |
| Simulator Design Outline |
| Simulator Design Process |
| Simulator Requirement |
| Simulator Design Assumptions |
| EDFA Simulator Modeling |
| Pump Source |
| Simulink ® EDFA Simulator: Execution Procedures |
| Samples of the Simulink ® Simulator |
| Concluding Remarks |
| References |
| MATLAB ® Simulink ® Modeling of Raman Amplification and Integration in Fiber Transmission Systems |
| Introduction |
| ROA versus EDFA |
| Raman Amplification |
| Principles |
| Raman Amplification Coupled Equations |
| Raman and Fiber Propagation under Linear and Nonlinear Fiber Dispersions |
| Propagation Equation |
| SSMF and DCF as Raman Fibers |
| Noise Figure |
| Dispersion |
| Nonlinear Raman Gain/Scattering Schrödinger Equation |
| Fiber Nonlinearities |
| Dispersion |
| Split-Step Fourier Method |
| Gaussian Pulses, Eye Diagrams, and Bit Error Rate |
| Raman Amplification and Gaussian Pulse Propagation |
| Fiber Profiles |
| Gaussian Pulse Propagation |
| Long-Haul Optically Amplified Transmission |
| Concluding Remarks |
| Problems |
| Appendices |
| Raman Amplification and Split-Step Fourier Method: MATLAB ® Program |
| Initialization *.m File |
| References |
| Digital Optical Modulation Transmission Systems |
| Advanced Photonic Communications and Challenging Issues |
| Background |
| Challenging Issues |
| Enabling Technologies |
| Digital Modulation Formats |
| Incoherent Optical Receivers |
| Return-to-Zero Optical Pulses |
| Generation Principles |
| Phasor Representation |
| Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) |
| Background |
| Optical DPSK Transmitter |
| Incoherent Detection of Optical DPSK |
| Minimum Shift Keying |
| CPFSK Approach |
| ODQPSK Approach |
| Incoherent Detection of Optical MSK |
| Dual-Level MSK |
| Theoretical Background |
| Proposed Generation Scheme |
| Incoherent Detection of Optical Dual-Level MSK |
| Spectral Characteristics of Advanced Modulation Formats |
| Summary |
| References |
| Design of Optical Communications Systems |
| Introduction |
| Remarks |
| Structure of DWDM Long-Haul Transmission Systems |
| Long-Haul Optical Transmission Systems |
| Intensity Modulation Direct Detection Systems |
| Loss-Limited Optical Communications Systems |
| Dispersion-Limited Optical Communications Systems |
| System Preliminary Design |
| Gaussian Approximation |
| System Preliminary Design under Nonlinear Effects |
| Some Notes on the Design of Optical Transmission Systems |
| Link Budget Calculations under Linear and Nonlinear Impairments |
| Engineering an OADM Transmission Link |
| Appendix: Power Budget |
| Power Budget Estimation: An Example |
| Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Optical SNR |
| TIA: Differential and Nondifferential Types |
| Problems |
| References |
| Self-Coherent Optically Amplified Digital Transmission Systems: Techniques and Simulink ® Models |
| ASK Modulation Formats Transmission Models |
| Introductory Remarks |
| Components Revisited for Advanced Optical Communication System |
| Optical Sources |
| Optical Modulators |
| Mach-Zehnder (MZ) Intensity Modulators Revisited |
| Transmission Loss and Dispersion Revisited |
| Nonlinear Effects |
| Signal Propagation Model |
| Modulation Formats |
| NRZ or NRZ-ASK |
| RZ (or RZ-ASK) |
| Return-to-Zero Optical Pulses |
| Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) |
| NRZ-DPSK |
| RZ-DPSK |
| Receiver |
| Simulink ® Models |
| DQPSK Modulation Formats Transmission Models |
| DQPSK Optical System Components |
| DQPSK Receiver |
| PDM-QAM |
| PDM-QPSK |
| PDM-16 QAM Transmission Systems |
| MSK Transmission Model |
| Introductory Remarks |
| Generation of Optical MSK-Modulated Signals |
| Optical Binary-Amplitude MSK Format |
| Star-QAM Transmission Systems for 100 Gb/s Capacity |
| Introduction |
| Design of 16-QAM Signal Constellation |
| Star 16-QAM |
| Square 16-QAM |
| Offset-Square 16-QAM |
| 8-DPSK_2-ASK 16-Star QAM |
| Configuration of 8-DPSK_2-ASK Optical Transmitter |
| Configuration of 8-DPSK_2-ASK Detection Scheme |
| Transmission Performance of 100 Gb/s 8-DPSK_2-ASK Scheme |
| Power Spectrum |
| Receiver Sensitivity and Dispersion Tolerance |
| Long-Haul Transmission |
| Appendix: Simulink ® and Simulation Guidelines |
| MATLAB ® Simulink ® |
| Guide for Use of Simulink ® Models |
| MATLAB ® Files |
| References |
| Tbps Optical Transmission Systems: Digital Processing-Based Coherent Reception |
| Introduction |
| Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Systems |
| Carrier Phase Recovery |
| 112G QPSK Coherent Transmission Systems |
| I-Q Imbalance Estimation Results |
| Skew Estimation |
| Fractionally Spaced Equalization of CD and PMD |
| Linear, Nonlinear Equalization and Back-Propagation Compensation of Linear and Nonlinear Phase Distortion |
| 16 QAM Systems |
| Tb/s Superchannel Transmission Systems |
| Overview |
| Nyquist Pulse and Spectra |
| Superchannel System Requirements |
| System Structure |
| Timing Recovery in Nyquist QAM Channel |
| 128 Gb/s 16 QAM Superchannel Transmission |
| 450 Gb/s 32 QAM Nyquist Transmission Systems |
| Non-DCF 1 and 2 Tb/s Superchannel Transmission Performance |
| Transmission Platform |
| Performance |
| Multicarrier Scheme Comparison |
| Remarks and Challenges |
| References |
| Digital Signal Processing for Optical Transmission Systems |
| Introduction |
| General Algorithms for Optical Communications Systems |
| Linear Equalization |
| Nonlinear Equalizer (NLE) or Decision Feedback Equalizers (DFE) |
| Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection (MLSD) and Viterbi |
| Nonlinear MLSE |
| Shared Equalization between Transmitter and Receivers |
| Maximum a Posteriori (MAP) Technique for Phase Estimation |
| Method |
| Estimates |
| Carrier Phase Estimation |
| Remarks |
| Correction of Phase Noise and Nonlinear Effects |
| Forward Phase Estimation QPSK Optical Coherent Receivers |
| Carrier Recovery in Polarization Division Multiplexed Receivers: A Case Study |
| Systems Performance of MLSE Equalizer-MSK Optical Transmission Systems |
| MLSE Equalizer for Optical MSK Systems |
| MLSE Scheme Performance |
| MIMO Equalization |
| Generic MIMO Equalization Process |
| Training-Based MIMO Equalization |
| Remarks on References |
| References |
| Appendix A Technical Data of Single-Mode Optical Fibers |
| Appendix B RMS Definition and Power Measurement |
| Appendix C Power Budget |
| Appendix D How to Relate the Rise/Fall Time with the Frequency Response of Network and Power Budget Analyses for Optical Link Design and in Experimental Platforms |
| Appendix E Problems on Optical Fiber Communication Systems |
| Index |
