Anaerobic waste-wastewater treatment and biogas plants : a practical handbook

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Title:

Personal Author:

Akunna, Joseph C. (Joseph Chukwuemeka), author

Edition:

First edition.

Physical Description:

xiii, 137 pages : illustrations ; 24 cm

ISBN:

9780815346395

General Note:

"A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc."

Subject Term:

Sewage -- Purification -- Anaerobic treatment.

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... MJIIT Library	33000000003232	TD756.45 A38 2019 r	Reference Book	1:BOOKREF	Searching... Unknown

The book guides specialists and non-specialists from around the world on how or whether anaerobic processes can be part of solutions for the management of municipal and industrial solid, semi-solid, and liquid residues. The simple self-learning presentation style is designed to encourage deep understanding of the process principles, plant types and system configurations, performance capabilities, operational and maintenance requirements, post-treatment needs, and management options for coproducts without complex biochemical terminologies and equations.

It describes key aerobic biological treatment processes used in conjunction with anaerobic biological treatment in feedstock pre-treatment and in post-treatment of by-products. Practical pre-treatment processes, techniques and operations are described alongside additional treatment techniques of biogas, digestates and treated effluents for various end use options. Effective applications in developing countries are also considered, enabling practitioners and plant operators to effectively apply technology in temperate and warm climatic conditions.

Author Notes

Professor Akunna has a BEng (Hons) in Civil Engineering, MSc in Hydraulics and Water Resources Engineering, MSc in Environmental Science & Technology and PhD in Environmental Engineering. He currently holds the Chair of Water & Environmental Engineering at Abertay University, Dundee United Kingdom, where he is also the Director of Postgraduate Environmental Engineering Education, and a founding member and co-Director of the University's Urban Water Technology Centre. He has over 25 years' research and teaching experience in hydraulics and water resources management, and in engineering application of physical, chemical and biological chemical processes for the control and abatement of aquatic pollutants, and in resource recovery from municipal and industrial wastes and effluents . He has developed innovative portable and decentralized treatment systems, some of which are commercially available. He is consulted widely by public and private sector organizations and has participated in and led many national and international research and development projects. He also develops and delivers postgraduate and training courses in the subject area for the water and environmental industry professionals and regulators from the UK and many other countries. Professor Akunna has authored and co-authored over 200 publications and research and consultancy reports in the subject area, and is a member of many professional organizations, including the World Biogas Association, where he is a founding and advisory board member.

Preface	p. ix
Abbreviations	p. xi
Author	p. xiii
1 Biological Treatment Processes	p. 1
1.1 Process Fundamentals	p. 1
1.2 Anaerobic Processes	p. 2
1.2.1 Process Description	p. 2
1.2.2 Biomass Production	p. 5
1.2.3 Factors Affecting Process Efficiency	p. 6
1.2.3.1 Start-Up Inoculum	p. 6
1.2.3.2 Waste Organic Content and Biodegradability	p. 7
1.2.3.3 Nutrient Availability	p. 8
1.2.3.4 pH and Alkalinity	p. 9
1.2.3.5 Temperature	p. 9
1.2.3.6 Solids and Hydraulic Retention Times	p. 10
1.2.3.7 Organic Loading Rate	p. 10
1.2.3.8 Toxic Compounds	p. 11
1.2.3.9 Treatment Configuration: Single- and Multi-Stage Systems	p. 14
1.2.4 Applications, Benefits, and Drawbacks	p. 16
1.3 Aerobic Processes	p. 16
1.3.1 Process Fundamentals	p. 16
1.3.2 Wastewater Treatment	p. 18
1.3.3 Aerobic Digestion or Composting	p. 19
1.3.4 Aerobic versus Anaerobic Processes	p. 20
1.4 Anoxic Processes	p. 21
2 Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment	p. 23
2.1 Applications and Limitations	p. 23
2.2 Wastewater Biodegradability	p. 24
2.3 Wastewater Pretreatment	p. 25
2.3.1 Flow Equalization	p. 25
2.3.2 pH Correction	p. 26
2.3.3 Nutrient Balance	p. 27
2.3.4 Temperature Control	p. 27
2.3.5 Solids Reduction	p. 27
2.3.6 Reduction of Toxic Compounds	p. 29
2.4 Process Variations	p. 29
2.5 System Configuration	p. 32
2.6 Process Design and Operational Control	p. 33
2.6.1 Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT)	p. 33
2.6.2 Solids Retention Time (SRT)	p. 34
2.6.3 Hydraulic Loading Rate (HLR)	p. 34
2.6.4 Organic Loading Rate (OLR)	p. 35
2.6.5 Food/Microorganism Ratio	p. 35
2.6.6 Specific Biogas Yield	p. 36
2.6.7 Specific Biogas Production Rate (BPR)	p. 36
2.6.8 Treatment Efficiency	p. 37
2.6.9 Temperature	p. 37
2.7 Performance and Process Monitoring Indicators	p. 37
2.8 Foaming and Control	p. 39
3 Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of Organic Solid Residues and Biosolids	p. 41
3.1 Applications, Benefits, and Challenges	p. 41
3.2 Mono- and Co-Digestion	p. 42
3.3 Process Variations	p. 43
3.3.1 Standard Rate Digestion	p. 43
3.3.2 High-Rate Digestion	p. 43
3.3.3 Low-Solids Digestion	p. 44
3.3.4 High-Solids (or "Dry") Digestion	p. 45
3.3.5 Combined Anaerobic-Aerobic System	p. 47
3.4 Process Design, Performance, and Operational Control	p. 47
3.4.1 Feedstock C/N Ratio	p. 47
3.4.2 Retention Time (RT)	p. 47
3.4.3 Solids Loading Rate (SLR)	p. 49
3.5 Biogas Production and Operational Criteria	p. 50
3.6 Modes of Operation	p. 52
3.6.1 Batch Operation	p. 52
3.6.2 Semi-Continuous Operation	p. 53
3.6.3 Continuous Operation	p. 53
4 Pretreatment in Anaerobic Treatment	p. 55
4.1 Need for Pretreatment	p. 55
4.2 Mechanical Pretreatment	p. 56
4.2.1 Collection and Segregation	p. 56
4.2.2 Size Reduction	p. 56
4.2.3 Ultrasound (US)	p. 57
4.3 Biological Pretreatment	p. 57
4.3.1 Anaerobic Processes	p. 57
4.3.2 Aerobic Composting or Digestion	p. 58
4.3.3 Fungi	p. 58
4.3.4 Enzymatic Hydrolysis	p. 59
4.3.5 Bio-Augmentation	p. 59
4.3.6 Bio-Supplementation	p. 60
4.4 Chemical Pretreatment	p. 60
4.4.1 Acid and Alkaline	p. 60
4.4.2 Ozonation	p. 61
4.5 Thermal	p. 62
4.5.1 High Temperature	p. 62
4.5.2 Wet Air Oxidation	p. 63
4.5.3 Pyrolysis	p. 64
4.5.4 Microwave (MW) Irradiation	p. 65
4.6 Combined Processes	p. 66
4.6.1 Thermochemical Pretreatment	p. 66
4.6.2 Thermomechanical Pretreatment	p. 66
4.6.3 Extrusion	p. 67
4.7 Summary of Common Pretreatments	p. 67
4.8 Assessing the Effects of Pretreatment	p. 69
4.8.1 Chemical Analysis	p. 69
4.8.2 Biochemical Methane Potential	p. 69
5 Posttreatment, Reuse, and Management of Co-Products	p. 73
5.1 Biogas	p. 73
5.1.1 Biogas Utilization	p. 73
5.1.2 Biogas Treatment	p. 74
5.1.2.1 Moisture and Particulates Reduction	p. 74
5.1.2.2 Biogas Upgrading	p. 75
5.1.2.3 Hydrogen Sulfide Removal	p. 75
5.1.2.4 Simultaneous Removal of CO 2 and H 2 S	p. 77
5.1.2.5 Siloxanes Occurrence and Removal	p. 78
5.1.3 Health and Safety Considerations	p. 78
5.2 Liquid Effluents	p. 80
5.3 Digestate Management and Disposal	p. 81
5.3.1 Characteristics and Management Options	p. 81
5.3.2 Aerobic Composting	p. 83
5.3.3 Disinfection	p. 84
6 Applications in Warm Climates and Developing Countries	p. 85
6.1 Characteristics of Warm Climatic Conditions	p. 85
6.2 Characteristics of Developing Countries	p. 86
6.3 Waste and Wastewater Characteristics	p. 87
6.4 Wastewater Treatment	p. 87
6.4.1 Large-Scale Systems	p. 87
6.4.2 Micro-Scale Systems	p. 88
6.4.3 Waste Stabilization Ponds	p. 88
6.5 Solid Wastes and Slurries Treatment	p. 93
7 Case Studies	p. 95
7.1 Brewery Wastewater Treatment Using the Granular Bed Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (GRABBR)	p. 95
7.2 Seaweed Anaerobic Digestion	p. 97
7.3 Seaweed Anaerobic Co-Digestion	p. 101
Appendix A Worked Examples on Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment	p. 105
Appendix B Worked Examples on Anaerobic Digestion of Solid Wastes and Biosolids	p. 109
References and Further Reading	p. 119
Subject Index	p. 131

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Summary

Summary

Author Notes

Table of Contents