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Searching... | 30000010242597 | TA357.5.M84 Y462 2014 | Open Access Book | Book | Searching... |
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Summary
Summary
Written by leading multiphase flow and CFD experts, this book enables engineers and researchers to understand the use of PBM and CFD frameworks. Population balance approaches can now be used in conjunction with CFD, effectively driving more efficient and effective multiphase flow processes. Engineers familiar with standard CFD software, including ANSYS-CFX and ANSYS-Fluent, will be able to use the tools and approaches presented in this book in the effective research, modeling and control of multiphase flow problems.
Author Notes
Guan Heng Yeoh Dr. Yeoh is a Senior Research Scientist at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), an Associate Professor at the University of New South Wales, and a Visiting Professor at the City University of Hong Kong.
Chi Pok Cheung Dr. Cheung is a Senior Lecturer at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University Australia.
Jiyuan Tu Dr. Tu is a Professor at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Australia.
Table of Contents
Preface | p. ix |
Foreword | p. xi |
Acknowledgments | p. xiii |
Introduction | p. xv |
Chapter 1 Introduction | p. 1 |
1.1 Classification and Application of Multiphase Rows | p. 1 |
1.2 Complexity of Multiphase Flows | p. 2 |
1.3 Multiscale Characteristics of Multiphase Flows | p. 5 |
1.4 Need of Population Balance Modeling for Multiphase Flows | p. 12 |
1.5 Scope of this Book | p. 13 |
Chapter 2 Computational Multiphase Fluid Dynamics Framework | p. 17 |
2.1 Eulerian Formulation Based on Interpenetrating Media Framework | p. 17 |
2.1.1 Mass Conservation | p. 19 |
2.1.2 Momentum Conservation | p. 23 |
2.1.3 Energy Conservation | p. 27 |
2.1.4 Physical Description of Interfacial Exchange Terms | p. 34 |
2.1.5 Effective Conservation Equations | p. 37 |
2.2 Lagrangian Description on Discrete Element Framework | p. 43 |
2.2.1 Equations of Motion | p. 43 |
2.2.2 Fluid-Particle Interaction (Forces Related to Fluid Acting on Particle One-Way, Two-Way Coupling) | p. 44 |
2.2.3 Particle-Particle Interaction (Four-Way Coupling Concept: Collisions and Turbulent Dispersion of Particles) | p. 49 |
2.3 Differential, Generic and Integral Form of the Transport Equations for Multiphase Flow | p. 59 |
2.4 Boundary Conditions for Multiphase Flow | p. 62 |
2.5 Summary | p. 67 |
Chapter 3 Population Balance Approach-A Generic Framework | p. 69 |
3.1 What is a Population Balance Approach? | p. 69 |
3.2 Basic Definitions | p. 70 |
3.2.1 Coordinate System and Density Function | p. 70 |
3.2.2 Particle State Vector | p. 71 |
3.2.3 Continuous Phase Vector | p. 72 |
3.2.4 Rate of Change of Particle State Vector and Particle State Continuum | p. 72 |
3.3 Fundamentals of Population Balance Equation | p. 73 |
3.3.1 Basic Consideration | p. 73 |
3.3.2 Various Integrated Forms of Transport Equations | p. 77 |
3.3.3 Breakage/Break up Processes | p. 80 |
3.3.4 Aggregation/Coalescence Processes | p. 82 |
3.3.5 Net Generation of Particles | p. 84 |
3.4 Practical Considerations of Population Balance Framework | p. 85 |
3.5 Comments on the Coupling Between Population Balance and Computational Multiphase Fluid Dynamics | p. 87 |
3.6 Summary | p. 89 |
Chapter 4 Mechanistic Models for Gas-Liquid/Liquid-Liquid Flows | p. 91 |
4.1 Introduction | p. 91 |
4.2 Mechanisms and Kernels of Fluid Particle Coalescence | p. 92 |
4.2.1 Collision Frequency due to Turbulent Fluctuation and Random Collision | p. 94 |
4.2.2 Collision Frequency due to Wake Entrainment | p. 98 |
4.2.3 Collision Frequency due to Other Mechanisms | p. 103 |
4.2.4 Coalescence Efficiency due to Film Drainage Model | p. 105 |
4.2.5 Coalescence Efficiency due to Energy Model | p. 112 |
4.2.6 Coalescence Efficiency due to Critical Approach Velocity Model | p. 113 |
4.3 Mechanisms and Kernels of Fluid Particle Break up | p. 114 |
4.3.1 Break up due to Turbulent Shearing | p. 115 |
4.3.2 Break up due to Viscous Shear Force | p. 127 |
4.3.3 Break up due to Interfacial Instability and Shearing Off | p. 128 |
4.3.4 Comments on Daughter Particle Size Distribution | p. 128 |
4.4 Mechanisms and Kernels of Fluid Particle Coalescence and Break up for One-Group, Two-Group and Multigroup for Mulation | p. 133 |
4.5 Summary | p. 136 |
Chapter 5 Mechanistic Models for Gas-Particle Liquid-Particle Flows | p. 137 |
5.1 Introduction | p. 137 |
5.2 Mechanisms and Kernel Models of Solid Particle Aggregation | p. 138 |
5.2.1 Aggregation due to Interparticle Collision | p. 139 |
5.3 Mechanisms and Kernel Models of Solid Particle Breakage | p. 144 |
5.3.1 Breakage due to Hydrodynamic Stresses | p. 145 |
5.3.2 Breakage due to Other Mechanisms | p. 148 |
5.4 Discrete Element Method-Soft-Sphere Model | p. 150 |
5.4.1 Particle-Particle Interaction without Adhesion | p. 151 |
5.4.2 Particle-Particle Interaction due to Adhesion | p. 159 |
5.5 Summary | p. 157 |
Chapter 6 Solution Methods and Turbulence Modeling | p. 169 |
6.1 Introduction | p. 169 |
6.2 Solution Methods for Eulerian Models | p. 170 |
6.3 Mesh Systems | p. 172 |
6.4 Numerical Discretization | p. 177 |
6.4.1 Finite Volume Method | p. 177 |
6.4.2 Basic Approximation of the Diffusion Term | p. 184 |
6.4.3 Basic Approximation of Advection Term | p. 186 |
6.4.4 Basic Approximation of Time-Advancing Solutions | p. 191 |
6.4.5 Algebraic Form of Discretized Equations | p. 194 |
6.5 Numerical Solvers | p. 199 |
6.5.1 Iterative Calculations for the Segregated Approach | p. 199 |
6.5.2 Application of IPSA or IPSA-C for the Segregated Approach | p. 203 |
6.5.3 Comments on Matrix Solvers | p. 210 |
6.5.4 Coupled Equation System | p. 217 |
6.6 Solution Methods for Population Balance Equation | p. 218 |
6.6.1 Class Method | p. 219 |
6.6.2 Standard Method of Moments | p. 223 |
6.6.3 Numerical Quadrature | p. 228 |
6.6.4 Other Population Balance Methods | p. 233 |
6.7 Solution Methods for Lagrangian Models | p. 234 |
6.7.1 Molecular Dynamics | p. 235 |
6.7.2 Brownian Dynamics | p. 238 |
6.7.3 Discrete Element Method | p. 240 |
6.8 Turbulence Modeling for Multiphase Flows | p. 244 |
6.8.1 Reynolds-Averaged Equations and Closure | p. 244 |
6.8.2 Large Eddy Simulation | p. 253 |
6.9 Summary | p. 261 |
Chapter 7 Some Applications of Population Balance with Examples | p. 263 |
7.1 Introduction | p. 263 |
7.2 Population Balance Solutions to Gas-Liquid Flow | p. 264 |
7.2.1 Background | p. 264 |
7.2.2 Modeling Interfacial Momentum Transfer for Gas-Liquid Flow | p. 264 |
7.2.3 Worked Examples | p. 271 |
7.3 Population Balance Solutions to Liquid-Liquid Flow | p. 298 |
7.3.1 Background | p. 298 |
7.3.2 Multiblock Model for Heterogeneous Turbulent Flow Structure in a Stirred Tank | p. 299 |
7.3.3 Worked Example | p. 303 |
7.4 Population Balance Solutions to Gas-Particle How | p. 308 |
7.4.1 Background | p. 308 |
7.4.2 Modeling Gas-Particle Flow via Direct Quadrature Method of Moment Multifluid Model | p. 310 |
7.4.3 Worked Example | p. 312 |
7.5 Population Balance Solutions to Liquid-Particle Flow | p. 317 |
7.5.1 Background | p. 317 |
7.5.2 Modeling Liquid-Particle Flow via Quadrature Method of Moment | p. 319 |
7.5.3 Worked Example | p. 321 |
7.6 Summary | p. 326 |
Chapter 8 Future of the Population Balance Approach | p. 329 |
8.1 Introduction | p. 329 |
8.2 Emerging Areas on the Use of the Population Balance Approach | p. 329 |
8.2.1 Natural and Biological Systems | p. 329 |
8.2.2 Bulk Attrition | p. 332 |
8.2.3 Crystallization | p. 334 |
8.2.4 Synthesis of Nanoparticles | p. 336 |
8.3 Summary | p. 337 |
References | p. 339 |
Index | p. 353 |