Practical guide to energy management for facilities engineers and plant managers

This new volume examines practical applications and useful examples for conserving energy and reducing energy costs in commercial, institutional, and industrial plants and facilities. The first part of the book provides an introduction, and the basic scientific principles and economics of energy management. The second part is a clearly written, comprehensive handbook of the most commonly used energy-consuming equipment and system, including: * Steam and Hydronic Boilers * Steam Systems * Hydronic and Pumping Systems * Chillers and Chilled Water Systems * Cooling Towers and Fluid Coolers * Air Distribution and HVAC Systems * Electrical and Lighting Systems * Compressed Air Systems * Refrigeration Systems * Cogeneration Systems * Heat Recovery Systems * Thermal Storage Systems * Control and Energy Management Systems.

Preface	p. ix
About the Author	p. xiii
Part 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 Introduction to Energy Management	p. 1
1.1 Energy Savings Opportunities	p. 1
1.2 Energy Codes and Standards	p. 3
1.3 Energy Audits	p. 5
1.4 Energy Use Profiles for Various Facilities	p. 7
Chapter 2 Basic Scientific Principles	p. 19
2.1 The Concept of Heat and Work	p. 19
2.2 Thermodynamics	p. 21
2.3 Heat Transfer	p. 27
2.4 Concepts of Fluid Mechanics	p. 38
Chapter 3 Economics for Energy Management	p. 47
3.1 Basic Economic Investment Analysis	p. 47
3.2 Owning and Operating Costs	p. 55
3.3 Simple Economic Evaluation Methods	p. 56
3.4 Comprehensive Economic Evaluation Methods	p. 58
3.5 Special Factors	p. 62
3.6 Financing Options for Energy Management Improvements	p. 64
Part 2 Applied Energy Management for Systems and Equipment
Chapter 4 Combustion Systems and Boilers	p. 69
4.1 General Combustion System Operation and Theory	p. 69
4.2 Boiler Types and Characteristics	p. 84
4.3 Boiler Controls	p. 90
4.4 Boiler Accessories	p. 95
4.5 Boiler Efficiency	p. 99
4.6 Maintaining and Operating Boilers for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 102
4.7 Energy Conservation Measures for Combustion Systems and Boilers	p. 116
4.8 Energy Efficiency for New Boilers and Combustion Systems	p. 129
Chapter 5 Steam Systems	p. 133
5.1 Overview of Steam Properties and Steam Distribution Systems	p. 133
5.2 Steam and Condensate Systems	p. 135
5.3 Steam and Condensate System Components	p. 137
5.4 Maintaining and Operating Steam System for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 152
5.5 Energy Conservation Measures for Steam Systems	p. 160
5.6 Energy Efficiency for New Steam Systems	p. 167
Chapter 6 Hydronic and Pumping Systems	p. 171
6.1 Overview of Hydronic and Pumping Systems	p. 171
6.2 Hydronic System Pumps and Accessories	p. 178
6.3 Centrifugal Pump Performance	p. 183
6.4 Maintaining and Operating Hydronic and Pumping System for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 191
6.5 Energy Conservation Measures for Hydronic and Pumping Systems	p. 193
6.6 Energy Efficiency for New Pumps and Hydronic Systems	p. 197
Chapter 7 Chillers and Chilled Water Systems	p. 201
7.1 Types of Chillers and Chilled Water Systems	p. 201
7.2 Chiller Condensers and Evaporators	p. 213
7.3 Chiller Performance	p. 215
7.4 Maintaining Chilled Water Systems for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 219
7.5 Operating Chillers and Chilled Water Systems for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 221
7.6 Energy Conservation Measures for Chilled Water Systems	p. 224
7.7 Selecting Chillers for Optimum Energy Performance	p. 233
Chapter 8 Cooling Towers and Fluid Coolers	p. 239
8.1 Basic Principles of Cooling Towers and Fluid Coolers	p. 239
8.2 Types of Cooling Towers	p. 242
8.3 Factors Affecting the Performance of Cooling Towers	p. 247
8.4 Selecting Cooling Towers for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 251
8.5 Operation and Maintenance of Cooling Towers for Energy Efficiency	p. 250
8.6 Energy Conservation Measures for Cooling Towers	p. 259
Chapter 9 Air Distribution and HVAC Systems	p. 269
9.1 Basic Principles of HVAC Systems	p. 269
9.2 Basic Principles of Ventilation and Air Distribution Systems	p. 290
9.3 Maintaining and Operating HVAC Systems for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 314
9.4 Energy Conservation Measures for Air Distribution and HVAC Systems	p. 318
9.5 Energy Efficiency for New Air Distribution and HVAC Systems	p. 334
Chapter 10 Electrical and Lighting Systems	p. 337
10.1 Basic Principles of Electrical and Lighting Systems	p. 337
10.2 Electric Motors and Motor Controls	p. 343
10.3 Electrical Distribution Systems	p. 353
10.4 Lighting and Lighting Systems	p. 358
10.5 Maintaining Electrical and Lighting Systems for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 363
10.6 Energy Conservation Measures for Electrical and Lighting Systems	p. 366
10.7 Energy Efficiency for New Electrical and Lighting Systems	p. 375
Chapter 11 Compressed Air Systems	p. 377
11.1 General Compressor Operation and Basic Theory	p. 377
11.2 Air Compressor Types and Characteristics	p. 383
11.3 Air Compressor Drives	p. 388
11.4 Accessories for Air Compressors and Compressed Air Systems	p. 391
11.5 Maintaining and Operating Compressed Air Systems for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 396
11.6 Energy Conservation Measures for Compressed Air Systems	p. 401
11.7 Energy Efficiency for New Compressed Air Systems	p. 407
Chapter 12 Refrigeration Systems	p. 417
12.1 Basic Principles of Refrigeration Systems	p. 417
12.2 Refrigeration System Components	p. 422
12.3 Maintaining and Operating Refrigeration Systems for Optimum Energy Efficiency	p. 437
12.4 Energy Conservation Measures for Refrigeration Systems	p. 439
12.5 Energy Efficiency for New Refrigeration Systems	p. 445
Chapter 13 Cogeneration Systems	p. 449
13.1 Basic Principles of Cogeneration	p. 449
13.2 Prime Movers	p. 451
13.3 Electrical Systems for Cogeneration	p. 460
13.4 Heat Recovery for Cogeneration Systems	p. 464
13.5 Applications for Recovered Heat	p. 466
13.6 Cogeneration System Feasibility	p. 468
Chapter 14 Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Management	p. 473
14.1 Basic Concepts of Heat Recovery and Waste Heat Management	p. 473
14.2 Heat Exchangers and Heat Recovery Systems	p. 476
14.3 Heat Pumps	p. 492
14.4 Applications of Heat Recovery Systems	p. 495
Chapter 15 Thermal Energy Storage Systems	p. 497
15.1 Basic Principles of Thermal Energy Storage	p. 497
15.2 Sources of Heat for Thermal Energy Storage	p. 501
15.3 Refrigeration for Thermal Energy Storage Systems	p. 502
15.4 Operating Strategies for Cool Thermal Storage Systems	p. 503
15.5 Thermal Energy Storage Media	p. 506
15.6 Quick Size Estimation for Thermal Storage Systems	p. 517
Chapter 16 Energy Management and Control Systems	p. 521
16.1 Energy Management and Control System Basics	p. 521
16.2 Control System Components	p. 525
16.3 DDC and Computer Systems	p. 538
16.4 Energy Management and Control System Strategies	p. 541
Appendix A Climatic Conditions for the United States and Canada	p. 555
Appendix B Steam Tables	p. 593
Glossary	p. 595
References	p. 611
Index	p. 619

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