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Title:
BIM and Urban Land Administration
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
xxix, 235 pages : illustrations with some colour ; 24 cm
ISBN:
9781138491687
Abstract:
Rapid urbanization has created an unprecedented pressure on the use of land in cities around the world, resulting in physical and legal complexities. This book explains the theoretical basis and practicality of connecting urban land administration practices with the 3D digital data environment of Building Information Modelling (BIM). The main focus is to adopt a BIM-based paradigm for enhancing communication and management of complex ownership rights in multi-story buildings, which are prevalent in urban built environments. This book first elaborates on a range of data elements required for managing legal information in current land administration practices pertaining to subdivision of legal interests within multi-story building developments. It then explains how an open data model in the BIM domain – Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) – can be extended with legal data elements to lay the foundation for adopting BIM in urban land administration. The book also highlights benefits and barriers of implementing BIM-enabled urban land administration.

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30000010372383 HD108.15 R35 2019 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Rapid urbanization has created an unprecedented pressure on the use of land in cities around the world, resulting in physical and legal complexities. This book explains the theoretical basis and practicality of connecting urban land administration practices with the 3D digital data environment of Building Information Modelling (BIM). The main focus is to adopt a BIM-based paradigm for enhancing communication and management of complex ownership rights in multi-story buildings, which are prevalent in urban built environments. This book first elaborates on a range of data elements required for managing legal information in current land administration practices pertaining to subdivision of legal interests within multi-story building developments. It then explains how an open data model in the BIM domain - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) - can be extended with legal data elements to lay the foundation for adopting BIM in urban land administration. The book also highlights benefits and barriers of implementing BIM-enabled urban land administration.

Features

Explains the theoretical basis and practicality of connecting urban land administration practices with the 3D digital data environment of BIM. Highlights the existing challenges associated with current practice of urban land administration for multi-story buildings. Introduces the potential of 3D digital environment of BIM for the purpose of mapping and registering legal interests. Describes how BIM-based data models can be extended for recording, managing, and representing legal ownership of properties over a building's lifecycle. Includes models of multi-story buildings as case studies to demonstrate the feasibility of extended BIM-based data models.


Author Notes

Prof Abbas Rajabifard is Head of Department of Infrastructure Engineering at The University of Melbourne. He is also Director of the Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures & Land Administration (CSDILA).Prof Rajabifard is a member of Academic Board. He was President of the GSDI Association (2009-2012), Vice Chair of Working Group 3 of the United Nations supported Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific (PCGIAP), is a member of ICA-Spatial Data Standard Commission, and is a member of Victorian Spatial Council. He has been an Executive Board member and national representative to the PCGIAP (1994-1998), member of International Steering Committee for Global Mapping Project (1997-2001) and a member of the UN-ESCAP Group of Experts to develop Guidelines on GIS Standardisation for Asia-Pacific (1995). Prof Rajabifard has active research in the areas of SDI, Land Administration and land management, spatial enablement, spatial enabled government and societies, disaster management, 3D platforms and virtual jurisdictions.

Dr. Mohsen Kalantari is a Senior Lecturer in Geomatics and Associate Director at the Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration (CSDILA) in the Dept of Infrastructure Engineering at The University of Melbourne. Mohsen teaches Land Administration Systems (LAS) and Spatial Analysis and has several publications. Dr Kalantari is a spatial data engineer and in recognition of his research he has been awarded a prestigious Victoria Fellowship. The Victoria Fellowships recognise young researchers with leadership potential and aim to help them enhance their future careers, while developing new ideas which could offer commercial benefit to Victoria. He has also worked at the Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE), Land Victoria and has an extensive knowledge of land administration systems of Australia. He completed his PhD in 2008.

Dr. Behnam Atazadeh is a post-doctoral research fellow in the Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures and Land Administration, Department of Infrastructure Engineering. He has extensive experience in using 3D building information models and other 3D digital technologies for cadastral surveying in urban areas. As part of his research, Behnam has published several articles in reputable scientific journals and conferences in the domain of spatial and urban informatics.


Reviews 1

Choice Review

Urban land administration has traditionally been based on two-dimensional systems for recording, managing, and representing what is typically a three-dimensional world. That approach has created particular challenges as urban land has developed into multistory buildings, complex shopping centers, interconnected transport networks, parking garages, and utility networks. Meanwhile, the architecture, engineering, and construction industries have developed a 3D building information modeling (BIM) process to facilitate communication and collaboration during the building life cycle. This short book presents a detailed theoretical and practical framework within which the connection between urban land administration effort and the virtual intelligent data environment can occur. The book consists of seven chapters: the first two introduce the legal and physical aspects of urban environments, as well as their administration, providing examples from several countries. The other five chapters provide background on BIM and the implementation model developed by authors Rajabifard, Atazadeh, and Kalantari (all, Univ. of Melbourne), including discussion of its impact and future prospects for urban land administration. In sum, the authors propose the adoption of BIM as a paradigm for enhancing the communication and management of complex ownership rights in today's urban centers. Summing Up: Recommended. Graduate students, faculty, and professionals. Students enrolled in two-hear technical programs. --Enrique Gomezdelcampo, Bowling Green State University


Table of Contents

List of Figuresp. xi
List of Tablesp. xvii
Prefacep. xix
Acknowledgmentsp. xxiii
Authorsp. xxv
Introductionp. xxvii
1 Managing Legal and Physical Complexities of Urban Environmentsp. 1
1.1 Land Administration Systems and Urban Complexityp. 1
1.2 Legal Partitioning of Multi-Story Buildings: 2D-Based Approachesp. 2
1.3 3D Digital Modelsp. 10
1.4 3D Legal Models of Buildingsp. 12
1.5 3D Physical Models of Buildingsp. 14
1.6 Building Information Modelsp. 16
1.7 Current Benefits and Challenges of BIM in the AEC Industryp. 17
1.8 Potential of BIM for Urban Land Administrationp. 19
Referencesp. 21
2 Urban Land Administration-A Digital Paradigmp. 25
2.1 Introductionp. 25
2.2 Urban Land Administration-An International Contextp. 26
2.2.1 Canadap. 27
2.2.2 Malaysiap. 28
2.2.3 The Netherlandsp. 30
2.2.4 Swedenp. 33
2.2.5 Australiap. 35
2.3 Urban Land Administration in Victoria, Australiap. 35
2.3.1 Planning Phasep. 36
2.3.2 Certification Phasep. 38
2.3.3 Compliance Phasep. 42
2.3.4 Registration Phasep. 43
2.4 Data Requirements in Urban Land Administrationp. 47
2.4.1 Legal Objectsp. 48
2.4.1.1 Primary Legal Interestsp. 48
2.4.1.2 Secondary Legal Interestsp. 52
2.4.1.3 Legal Boundariesp. 54
2.4.2 Physical Objectsp. 58
2.4.3 Legal Documentsp. 58
2.4.4 Land Administration Actorsp. 59
2.4.5 Administrative Datap. 59
2.5 Data Models Enabling Digital Urban Land Administrationp. 61
2.5.1 LADMp. 61
2.5.2 ePlan Modelp. 65
2.5.3 Land and Infrastructure (LandInfra) Modelp. 67
2.5.4 CityGML Standardp. 69
2.6 Concluding Remarksp. 76
Referencesp. 76
3 Fundamentals of the BIM Environment-Opportunities for Land Administrationp. 81
3.1 Introductionp. 81
3.2 BIMp. 82
3.2.1 BIM-Process and Product Perspectivesp. 84
3.2.2 BIM Maturity Levelsp. 85
3.2.3 Multi-Dimensional BIM (4D, 5D, and 6D)p. 87
3.3 Open BIMp. 88
3.3.1 IDMp. 89
3.3.2 MVDp. 90
3.3.3 IFDp. 92
3.3.4 BCFp. 93
3.4 IFC Standardp. 94
3.4.1 Resource Layer of IFCp. 95
3.4.2 Core Layer of IFCp. 96
3.4.3 Interoperability Layer of IFCp. 98
3.4.4 Domain Layer of IFCp. 98
3.4.5 Object Placements and Spatial Reference Systems within the IFC Standardp. 99
3.4.6 Solid Models within the IFC Standardp. 101
3.4.6.1 Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)p. 101
3.4.6.2 Boundary Representation (B-rep)p. 101
3.4.6.3 Swept Solidp. 102
3.4.7 IFC Standard and Other 3D Spatial Data Modelsp. 102
3.4.8 IFC Entities Pertinent to Urban Land Administrationp. 104
3.4.8.1 Spatial Elementsp. 105
3.4.8.2 Physical Elementsp. 105
3.4.8.3 Document Referencing Elementsp. 105
3.4.8.4 Actor Assignment Elementsp. 107
3.5 BIM Projects in Land Administrationp. 107
3.5.1 IFC for an Indoor Cadasterp. 108
3.5.2 IFC for Property Valuationp. 109
3.5.3 Cadastral Extension of UBMp. 110
3.5.4 UrbanIT Projectp. 111
3.5.5 BIM-Based Registration of Stratified Properties in the Netherlandsp. 113
3.5.6 Connecting BIM and Legal Data Modelsp. 114
3.5.6.1 IFC and LADMp. 114
3.5.6.2 BIM and the ePlan Modelp. 117
3.5.6.3 BIM and LandInfrap. 118
3.5.7 IDM-Based Workflow for Cadastral Registrationp. 118
3.5.8 As-Built BIM Models for Underground Property Managementp. 118
3.6 Concluding Remarksp. 119
Referencesp. 120
4 BIM-Enabled 3D Digital Urban Land Administration-New Era in Managing Citiesp. 127
4.1 Introductionp. 127
4.2 Alternatives for Extending IFC for Urban Land Administrationp. 128
4.3 Adopted Extension Approach for Enabling IFC-Based Urban Land Administrationp. 129
4.3.1 Property Set Definitions in IFCp. 129
4.3.2 User-Defined Values in IFCp. 131
4.4 Modeling Legal Interests in IFCp. 131
4.4.1 Primary Legal Interests in IFCp. 133
4.4.1.1 Lotp. 133
4.4.1.2 Common Propertyp. 135
4.4.1.3 Roadp. 136
4.4.1.4 Reservep. 138
4.4.2 Secondary Legal Interests in IFCp. 138
4.4.2.1 Easementp. 138
4.4.2.2 Restrictionp. 139
4.4.2.3 Depth Limitation and Airspacep. 141
4.5 Modeling Legal Boundaries in IFCp. 143
4.5.1 Modeling the Geometry and Topology of Legal Boundaries in IFC (4)p. 143
4.5.1.1 Line-Based Legal Boundariesp. 144
4.5.1.2 Surface-Based Legal Boundariesp. 146
4.5.2 Semantic Modeling of Legal Boundaries in IFCp. 148
4.5.2.1 General Boundaries in IFCp. 148
4.5.2.2 Fixed Boundaries in IFCp. 151
4.6 Modeling Land Administration Actors in IFCp. 152
4.7 Referencing and Managing Legal Documents in IFCp. 154
4.8 Administrative Informationp. 157
4.9 General Guidelines for Realizing BIM-Driven Digital Urban Land Administrationp. 159
4.10 Concluding Remarksp. 159
Referencep. 162
5 Implementing BIM Models-From Simple to Complex Urban Developmentsp. 163
5.1 Introductionp. 163
5.2 Constructing BIM Modelsp. 164
5.3 Constructing BIM Models from 3D Surveying Datap. 164
5.3.1 BIM Models from Laser-Scanning Datap. 168
5.3.2 BIM Models from UAV Datap. 169
5.3.2.1 Image to BIM Alignmentp. 170
5.3.2.2 Point Cloud to BIM Alignmentp. 171
5.3.3 UAV Localizationp. 171
5.3.4 BIM Models from LiDAR, Photogrammetry, and 2D Floorplansp. 172
5.4 Enriching the BIM Models for Urban Land Administrationp. 174
5.5 Visualization of BIM Modelsp. 175
5.5.1 Primary Legal Interestsp. 175
5.5.2 Secondary Legal Interestsp. 178
5.5.3 Legal Boundariesp. 179
5.5.4 Legal Documents and Land Administration Actorsp. 183
5.5.5 Administrative Informationp. 185
5.6 Concluding Remarksp. 186
Referencesp. 186
6 Impacts of BIM on Urban Land Administrationp. 189
6.1 Introductionp. 189
6.2 Benefits of BIM for Urban Land Administration Practicesp. 190
6.2.1 Legal Interestsp. 191
6.2.2 Legal Boundariesp. 195
6.3 Challenges of BIM-Based Urban Land Administrationp. 199
6.3.1 Technical Challengesp. 199
6.3.2 Institutional Challengesp. 199
6.3.2.1 Regulative Elements as Constraintsp. 200
6.3.2.2 Normative Elements as Constraintsp. 201
6.3.2.3 Cultural-Cognitive Elements as Constraintsp. 203
6.4 Concluding Remarksp. 204
Referencesp. 205
7 Prospect of BIM in the Land Administration Domain-Technical Aspectsp. 207
7.1 Introductionp. 207
7.2 Integrated Lifecycle Management of Urban Land Administration Processes in BIMp. 207
7.3 BIM-Enabled Urban Land Administration in Infrastructure Projectsp. 209
7.4 Spatial Reasoning of BIM Modelsp. 211
7.5 Spatial Integrity of BIM Modelsp. 215
7.6 Extending the IFC Standard to Other Jurisdictionsp. 216
7.7 BIM for Property Measurement in Urban Landp. 218
7.8 Automatic Generalization of BIM Models for Land Administration Purposesp. 219
Referencesp. 220
Appendix A EXPRESS-G Notationp. 221
Appendix B Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN)p. 225
Indexp. 227
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