Cover image for FRP deck and steel girder bridge systems : analysis and design
Title:
FRP deck and steel girder bridge systems : analysis and design
Personal Author:
Series:
Composite materials : design and analysis
Publication Information:
Boca Raton, F.L. : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2013
Physical Description:
xvii, 333 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
ISBN:
9781439877616
Abstract:
"This book presents the analysis and design of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) decks, which have been increasingly implemented in rehabilitation projects and new construction due to their reduced weight, lower maintenance costs, and enhanced durability and service life. The book is organized into three complementary parts, covering FRP decks, shear connectors between the deck and steel girders, and the behavior of bridge systems. It outlines analysis and design guidelines for each specific deck type, which can be broadly classified according to their production process as sandwich panels and adhesively bonded cellular sections, produced mainly by pultrusion"--Provided by publisher
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Summary

Summary

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) decks have been increasingly used for new construction and rehabilitation projects worldwide. The benefits of using FRP bridge decks, such as durability, light weight, high strength, reduced maintenance costs, and rapid installation, outweigh their initial in-place material costs when implemented in highway bridge projects. FRP Deck and Steel Girder Bridge Systems: Analysis and Design compiles the necessary information to facilitate the development of the standards and guidelines needed to promote further adoption of composite sandwich panels in construction. It also, for the first time, proposes a complete set of design guidelines.

Providing both experimental investigations and theoretical analyses, this book covers three complementary parts: FRP decks, shear connectors between the deck and steel girders, and the behavior of bridge systems. The text presents stiffness and strength evaluations for FRP deck panels and FRP deck-girder bridge systems. While the FRP deck studies focus on honeycomb FPR sandwich panels over steel girder bridge systems, they can be adapted to other sandwich configurations. Similarly, the shear connection and bridge system studies can be applied to other types of FRP decks. Chapters discuss skin effect, core configuration, facesheet laminates, out-of-plane compression and sheer, mechanical shear connectors, and FRP deck-steel girder bridge systems.

Based on the findings described in the text, the authors propose design guidelines and present design examples to illustrate application of the guidelines. In the final chapter, they also provide a systematic analysis and design approach for single-span FRP deck-stringer bridges. This book presents new and improved theories and combines analytical models, numerical analyses, and experimental investigations to devise a practical analysis procedure, resulting in FRP deck design formulations.


Author Notes

Dr. Julio F. Davalos is a professor and chair of the Department of Civil Engineering at the City College of New York - CUNY. His expertise is in mechanics and structural engineering, and his research work includes theoretical and experimental studies on advanced materials and systems. His work is directed to civil infrastructure rehabilitation, protection, and sustainable construction, with particular emphasis on highway bridges, buildings, and mass transit tunnels. Dr. Davalos has been honored with over 60 academic/state/national awards for teaching, research, and innovative designs and concepts, and he holds several patent applications in materials and structures. His publications record, approximately 300 articles, includes several position papers and book chapters.

Dr. An Chen is an assistant professor of civil engineering at the University of Idaho. His research background is in sustainable structural engineering, covering advanced materials, interface bond and fracture mechanics, and applied mechanics. His research can be broadly categorized into two areas: (1) green buildings and (2) sustainable civil infrastructure. Dr. Chen has extensive industrial experience as a project manager in New York City, where he completed designs of numerous new and renovation projects for high-rise and middle-rise buildings. He has three pending patents and his publications record includes about 60 refereed journal and conference papers and project reports.

Dr. Pizhong Qiao is a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Washington State University, chair professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and founder of Integrated Smart Structures, Inc. (Copley, Ohio). He has been working in development, research, and application of advanced and high-performance materials in civil and aerospace engineering. His extensive publications record includes about 300 technical articles (several book chapters, 132 international journal articles, and more than 160 conference proceedings papers/presentations). He is one of the most highly cited scientists (about the top 1%) in the field of engineering according to Essential Science Indicators (ESI).


Table of Contents

Series Prefacep. ix
Prefacep. xi
Acknowledgmentsp. xiii
About the Authorsp. xv
1 Introductionp. 1
1.1 Backgroundp. 1
1.2 Implementation of HFRP Sandwich Deck Panels in Highway Bridgesp. 4
1.3 Objectivesp. 6
1.4 Organizationp. 6
Referencesp. 7
2 FRP Deck: Stiffness Evaluationp. 9
2.1 Stiffness of FRP Honeycomb Sandwich Panels with Sinusoidal Corep. 9
2.1.1 Introductionp. 9
2.1.2 Modeling of FRP Honeycomb Panelsp. 10
2.1.3 Behavior of FRP Honeycomb Beamsp. 20
2.1.4 Behavior of FRP Honeycomb Sandwich Panelp. 26
2.1.5 Conclusionsp. 28
2.2 On the Transverse Shear Stiffness of Composite Honeycomb Core with General Configurationp. 28
2.2.1 Introductionp. 28
2.2.2 Application of Homogenization Theoryp. 32
2.2.3 Derivation of Effective Transverse Shear Stiffnessp. 35
2.2.4 Verification Using Finite Element Analysisp. 44
2.2.5 Summary and Discussionsp. 46
2.2.6 Conclusionsp. 49
2.3 Homogenized Elastic Properties of Honeycomb Sandwiches with Skin Effectp. 49
2.3.1 Introductionp. 49
2.3.2 Literature Reviewp. 52
2.3.3 Formulation of Honeycomb Homogenization Problemp. 54
2.3.4 Analytical Approach-Multipass Homogenization (MPH) Techniquep. 61
2.3.5 Periodic Unit Cell Finite Element Analysisp. 87
2.3.6 Summary and Concluding Remarksp. 94
Referencesp. 97
3 FRP Deck: Strength Evaluationp. 101
3.1 Overviewp. 101
3.2 Literature Reviewp. 102
3.2.1 Introductionp. 102
3.2.2 Out-of-Plane Compressionp. 102
3.2.3 Out-of-Plane Shearp. 105
3.2.4 Facesheet Studyp. 109
3.3 Out-of-Plane Compressionp. 113
3.3.1 Introductionp. 113
3.3.2 Analytical Modelsp. 113
3.3.3 Experimental Investigationp. 121
3.3.4 FE Analysisp. 129
3.3.5 Determination of the Coefficient of Elastic Restraintp. 131
3.3.6 Comparisons of Test Results with Analytical and FE Predictionsp. 134
3.3.7 Parametric Studyp. 134
3.3.8 Design Equationsp. 136
3.3.9 Concluding Remarksp. 137
3.4 Out-of-Plane Shearp. 139
3.4.1 Introductionp. 139
3.4.2 Analytical Model Including Skin Effectp. 139
3.43 CER Effect on Shear Stiffness and Interfacial Shear Stress Distributionp. 154
3.4.4 Shear Bucklingp. 155
3.4.5 Proposed Method to Predict Failure Loadp. 158
3.4.6 Experimental Investigationp. 159
3.4.7 Correlations between Test Results and Prediction from Design Equationsp. 166
3.4.8 FE Simulationp. 171
3.4.9 Conclusionsp. 173
3.5 Facesheet Studyp. 173
3.5.1 Introductionp. 173
3.5.2 Progressive Failure Modelp. 174
3.5.3 Verification Studyp. 176
3.5.4 Parametric Study on Facesheetp. 179
3.5.5 Experimental Investigationp. 182
3.5.6 Correlation between FE and Experimental Resultsp. 191
3.5.7 Discussionsp. 196
3.5.8 Conclusionsp. 196
Appendix 3.A Strength Data of Core Materialsp. 198
Appendix 3.B Derivation of Equilibrium Equationp. 200
Appendix 3.C Shear Test for Facesheet Laminatesp. 202
Appendix 3.D Stiffness of Facesheet Laminates and Core Materialsp. 206
Referencesp. 207
4 Mechanical Shear Connector for FRP Decksp. 211
4.1 Introductionp. 211
4.2 Prototype Shear Connectionp. 215
4.3 Push-Out Testp. 216
4.3.1 Specimen and Test Setupp. 216
4.3.2 Test Proceduresp. 217
4.3.3 Test Results and Discussionsp. 218
4.4 Conclusionsp. 223
Referencesp. 223
5 FRP Deck-Steel Girder Bridge Systemp. 225
5.1 Overviewp. 225
5.2 Experimental and FE Study on Scaled Bridge Modelp. 226
5.2.1 Introductionp. 226
5.2.2 Test Planp. 227
5.2.3 Test Modelsp. 228
5.2.4 Test Proceduresp. 233
5.2.5 Test Resultsp. 236
5.2.6 Finite Element Modelp. 242
5.2.7 FE Analysis Resultsp. 244
5.2.8 Conclusionsp. 245
5.2.9 Evaluation of FRP Panel Propertiesp. 246
5.3 Evaluation of Effective Flange Width by Shear Lag Modelp. 251
5.3.1 Introductionp. 251
5.3.2 Shear Lag Modelp. 253
5.3.3 Finite Element Studyp. 258
5.3.4 Comparison between Shear Lag Model and Empirical Functionsp. 261
5.3.5 Application of Shear Lag Model to FRP Deckp. 263
5.3.6 Conclusionsp. 264
Referencesp. 265
6 Design Guidelines for FRP Deck-Steel Girder Bridge Systemsp. 267
6.1 Design Guidelinesp. 267
6.1.1 FRP Deckp. 267
6.1.2 Shear Connectorp. 272
6.1.3 Bridge Systemp. 273
6.2 Examplep. 274
6.2.1 FRP Deckp. 276
6.2.2 Bridge Systemp. 279
6.2.3 Discussionsp. 288
6.3 Conclusionsp. 288
Referencesp. 288
7 Systematic Analysis and Design Approach for Single-Span FRP Deck-Stringer Bridgesp. 289
7.1 Introductionp. 289
7.2 Panel and Beam Analysisp. 290
7.2.1 Panel Analysis by Micro/Macromechanicsp. 291
7.2.2 Beam Analysis by Mechanics of Laminated Beamsp. 293
7.3 FRP Cellular Decks: Elastic Equivalencep. 294
7.3.1 Equivalent Stiffness for Cellular FRP Decksp. 294
7.3.2 Verification of Deck Stiffness Equations by Finite Element Analysisp. 298
7.3.3 Equivalent Orthotropic Material Propertiesp. 303
7.3.4 Experimental and Numerical Verification of Equivalent Orthotropic Material Propertiesp. 304
7.4 Analysis of FRP Deck-Stringer Bridge Systemp. 308
7.4.1 First-Order Shear Deformation Theory for FRP Composite Deckp. 308
7.4.2 Wheel Load Distribution Factorsp. 312
7.4.3 Design Guidelinesp. 313
7.4.4 Experimental Testing and Numerical Analysis of FRP Deck-Stringer Systemsp. 314
7.5 Design Analysis Procedures and Illustrative Examplep. 316
7.5.1 General Design Proceduresp. 316
7.5.2 Design Examplep. 316
7.6 Conclusionsp. 318
Referencesp. 318
Indexp. 321