Cover image for Soldering in electronics assembly
Title:
Soldering in electronics assembly
Personal Author:
Edition:
2nd ed.
Publication Information:
Oxford : Newnes, 1999
ISBN:
9780750635455
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Item Category 1
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30000004823864 TK7868.P7 J83 1999 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Managers, engineers and technicians will use this book during industrial construction of electronics assemblies, whilst students can use the book to get a grasp of the variety of methods available, together with a discussion of technical concerns. It includes over 200 illustrations, including a photographic guide to defects, and contains many line drawings, tables and flow charts to illustrate the subject of electronics assembly.

Soldering in Electronics Assembly looks theoretically at everything needed in a detailed study, but in a practical manner. It examines the soldering processes in the light of electronic assembly type; solder; flux; and cleaning requirements. It has information on every available process, from the most basic hand soldering through to latest innovatory ones such as inert atmosphere wave soldering and zoned forced convection infra-red machines. The book provides a detailed analysis of solder and soldering action; purpose of flux and relevant flux types for any application; classification of assembly variants; assessment and maintenance of solderability. There is also a detailed analysis of soldering process defects and causes. In addition, Soldering in Electronics Assembly contains a new chapter on Ball Grid Array (BGA) technology.


Author Notes

Keith Brindley is a technical author with a wealth of experience of all aspects of electronics technology.


Table of Contents

Forewordp. vii
Prefacep. ix
Acknowledgementsp. xiii
1 Soldering processp. 1
Time on its sidep. 2
Printed circuit boardp. 5
Solderingp. 8
Soldering processesp. 16
Component/solder (CS) processesp. 18
Solder/component (SC) processesp. 19
Cleaningp. 21
Qualityp. 21
Safetyp. 22
2 Electronics assembliesp. 23
Jointsp. 23
Through-hole jointsp. 27
Surface mounted componentsp. 35
Surface mounted jointsp. 36
Assembly variationsp. 43
Assembly classificationp. 49
3 Solderp. 51
Metallurgical properties of tin/lead alloysp. 51
The soldered jointp. 56
Solderabilityp. 66
Protective coatingsp. 72
4 Lead-free solderp. 81
What's needed in the future?p. 81
Lead-free soldering -- now a hot topic!p. 83
The age of lead-free soldering is approaching fastp. 87
ITRIp. 88
5 Fluxp. 89
Need for fluxp. 90
How fluxes workp. 91
Categorization of fluxesp. 92
Choosing a fluxp. 98
Application of fluxesp. 99
SC soldering process fluxp. 107
6 Solder pastep. 109
Solder paste or adhesive applicationp. 109
Dispensingp. 118
Pin transferp. 122
Using solder pastep. 123
Solder paste parametersp. 124
7 CS soldering processesp. 127
Hand solderingp. 127
Mass CS soldering processesp. 134
Inert atmosphere solderingp. 136
Handling assembliesp. 136
Solder pots and pumpsp. 146
Solder pot heatersp. 147
Solderingp. 148
Soldering process monitoringp. 163
8 SC soldering processesp. 165
Heat applicationp. 165
Infra-red solderingp. 167
Hot air convectionp. 173
Hot vapour solderingp. 174
Laser solderingp. 178
Light beam solderingp. 182
Heated collet or hot barp. 182
Miscellaneous SC soldering processesp. 185
Comparison of soldering processesp. 186
9 Profiling soldering processesp. 187
Profilesp. 187
Infra-red soldering temperature profilesp. 192
Hot vapour soldering temperature profilesp. 193
Heated collet temperature profilesp. 194
Optimizing temperature profilesp. 195
10 Cleaning soldered assembliesp. 199
The Montreal Protocolp. 199
Why clean at all?p. 200
Contaminationp. 202
Classifications of cleanerp. 204
Cleaning processesp. 208
Contamination testingp. 218
Comparing the cleaning optionsp. 221
11 Avoiding problems -- soldering qualityp. 223
Have problems occurred?p. 224
Statistical process controlp. 224
Solutions to problemsp. 227
Criteria for the assessment of soldered jointsp. 228
Characteristics of soldered jointsp. 229
Classification of soldered jointsp. 230
Features of solder joints on surface mounted boardsp. 230
X-ray inspectionp. 232
Visual inspection standardsp. 235
Photographic guide to defectsp. 236
12 Standards and specificationsp. 275
Why comply with standardsp. 275
Reference to standardsp. 276
Levels of standardsp. 276
Standards organizations and bodiesp. 277
Standards for electronics assembly manufacturep. 280
Guide to relevant worldwide standardsp. 283
Glossaryp. 299
Referencesp. 311
Further readingp. 313
Worldwide addressesp. 323
Appendix 1 Why not blame the machine?p. 333
Appendix 2 Problems and solutionsp. 339
Appendix 3 Soldering safetyp. 343
Appendix 4 Comparing soldering processes and machinesp. 361
Indexp. 366