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Summary
Summary
Taking an applied approach, Donna Summers' Quality, Fourth Edition provides clear explanations of popular quality techniques, insightful case studies, meaningful illustrations, and subject matter relevant to the challenges faced by today's organizations. The underlying themes of process improvement and reduction of variation permeate the text. Numerous examples from a wide variety of industries illustrate how professionals apply quality assurance tools to their work activities. Topics focus on the fundamental quality concepts of process control and include creating a process focus, understanding variation, process control charts, root-cause analysis, the seven tools of quality, systems thinking, costs of quality, ISO/TS 16949, Six Sigma and more
Table of Contents
I Setting The Stage | p. 1 |
1 Quality Basics | p. 2 |
Identifying Quality | p. 4 |
Ingredients for Success | p. 5 |
The Evolution of Quality | p. 10 |
Beyond Total Quality Management | p. 15 |
Summary | p. 17 |
Lessons Learned | p. 18 |
Chapter Problems | p. 18 |
Case Study | p. 20 |
2 Quality Advocates and Quality Management | p. 26 |
Quality Advocates | p. 28 |
Continuous Improvement | p. 39 |
Summary | p. 49 |
Lessons Learned | p. 49 |
Chapter Problems | p. 50 |
Case Studies | p. 52 |
3 Quality Improvement: Problem Solving | p. 64 |
Problem Solving | p. 66 |
Steps in Process Improvement | p. 66 |
Plan | p. 68 |
Do | p. 90 |
Study | p. 94 |
Act | p. 95 |
Summary | p. 96 |
Lessons Learned | p. 97 |
Chapter Problems | p. 98 |
Case Studies | p. 104 |
II Control Charts For Variables | p. 113 |
4 Statistics | p. 114 |
Statistics | p. 116 |
Use of Statistics in Quality Assurance | p. 118 |
Populations versus Samples | p. 118 |
Data Collection | p. 121 |
Measurements: Accuracy, Precision, and Measurement Error | p. 124 |
Data Analysis: Graphical | p. 127 |
Data Analysis: Analytical | p. 146 |
Normal Frequency Distribution | p. 161 |
Summary | p. 170 |
Lessons Learned | p. 170 |
Chapter Problems | p. 171 |
Case Studies | p. 182 |
5 Variable Control Charts | p. 192 |
Control-Chart Functions | p. 195 |
Variation | p. 196 |
Control Charts | p. 199 |
Control Charts for Variables | p. 199 |
Summary | p. 243 |
Lessons Learned | p. 243 |
Formulas | p. 244 |
Chapter Problems | p. 246 |
Case Studies | p. 253 |
6 Process Capability | p. 280 |
Individual Values Compared with Averages | p. 282 |
Estimation of Population [sigma] from Sample Data | p. 283 |
Control Limits and Specification Limits | p. 286 |
The 6[sigma] Spread versus Specification Limits | p. 289 |
Calculating Process Capability Indices | p. 292 |
Summary | p. 302 |
Lessons Learned | p. 302 |
Formulas | p. 303 |
Chapter Problems | p. 303 |
Case Studies | p. 305 |
7 Other Variable Control Charts | p. 316 |
Individuals and Moving-Range Charts | p. 318 |
Moving-Average and Moving-Range Charts | p. 323 |
A Chart Plotting All Individual Values | p. 327 |
Median and Range Charts | p. 328 |
Run Charts | p. 334 |
A Chart for Variable Subgroup Size | p. 336 |
Precontrol Charts | p. 338 |
Short-Run Charts | p. 344 |
Summary | p. 348 |
Lessons Learned | p. 348 |
Formulas | p. 351 |
Chapter Problems | p. 352 |
Case Studies | p. 360 |
III Control Charts For Attributes | p. 367 |
8 Probability | p. 368 |
Probability Theorems | p. 370 |
Permutations and Combinations | p. 378 |
Discrete Probability Distributions | p. 381 |
Continuous Probability Distribution | p. 387 |
Distribution Interrelationships and Approximations | p. 389 |
Summary | p. 391 |
Lessons Learned | p. 392 |
Formulas | p. 392 |
Chapter Problems | p. 394 |
Case Studies | p. 399 |
9 Quality Control Charts for Attributes | p. 404 |
Attributes | p. 406 |
Charts for Nonconforming Units | p. 406 |
Charts for Counts of Nonconformities | p. 430 |
Summary | p. 445 |
Lessons Learned | p. 447 |
Formulas | p. 447 |
Chapter Problems | p. 449 |
Case Studies | p. 465 |
IV Expanding The Scope Of Quality | p. 477 |
10 Reliability | p. 478 |
Reliability | p. 480 |
Product Life Cycle Curve | p. 481 |
Measures of Reliability | p. 482 |
Reliability Programs | p. 491 |
Reliability Engineers | p. 494 |
Summary | p. 495 |
Lessons Learned | p. 495 |
Formulas | p. 496 |
Chapter Problems | p. 496 |
Case Studies | p. 500 |
11 Quality Costs | p. 504 |
What Are Quality Costs? | p. 506 |
Defining Quality Costs | p. 506 |
Types of Quality Costs | p. 510 |
Quality-Cost Measurement System | p. 513 |
Utilizing Quality Costs for Decision Making | p. 514 |
Summary | p. 514 |
Lessons Learned | p. 515 |
Chapter Problems | p. 515 |
Case Studies | p. 518 |
12 Product Liability | p. 530 |
The Evolution of Product Liability | p. 532 |
Warranties | p. 533 |
Product Liability Suits | p. 533 |
Liability Loss Control Programs | p. 535 |
Future Considerations | p. 540 |
Summary | p. 540 |
Lessons Learned | p. 541 |
Chapter Problems | p. 541 |
Case Study | p. 544 |
13 Quality Systems: ISO 9000, Supplier Certification Requirements, and the Malcolm Baldridge Award | p. 548 |
Quality Systems | p. 550 |
ISO 9000 | p. 550 |
Supplier Certification Requirements: QS 9000 | p. 557 |
ISO 14000 | p. 558 |
Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award | p. 559 |
Summary | p. 562 |
Lessons Learned | p. 563 |
Chapter Problems | p. 564 |
Case Study | p. 565 |
14 Benchmarking and Auditing | p. 572 |
Benchmarking | p. 574 |
Auditing | p. 580 |
Summary | p. 585 |
Lessons Learned | p. 585 |
Chapter Problems | p. 586 |
Case Study | p. 588 |
Appendix 1 Normal Curve Areas (Z [less than or equal] Z[subscript 0]) | p. 595 |
Appendix 2 Factors for Computing Central Lines and 3[sigma] Control Limits for X, s, and R Charts | p. 597 |
Appendix 3 Cumulative Binomial Probability Distribution | p. 598 |
Appendix 4 The Poisson Distribution | p. 609 |
Appendix 5 About PQ Systems | p. 613 |
Appendix 6 SQCpack Student Version Software | p. 615 |
Glossary | p. 622 |
Answers to Selected Problems | p. 634 |
Bibliography | p. 637 |
Index | p. 642 |