Modern receiver front-ends: systems, circuits, and integration

Title:

Personal Author:

Laskar, Joy

Publication Information:

Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley & Sons, 2004

ISBN:

9780471225911

Subject Term:

Radio frequency integrated circuits

Radio -- Receivers and reception -- Design and construction

Added Author:

Matinpour, Babak

Chakraborty, Sudipto

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010070430	TK7874.78 L37 2004	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Architectures BABAK MATINPOUR and JOY LASKAR
* Describes the actual implementation of receiver architectures from the initial design to an IC-based product
* Presents many tricks-of-the-trade not usually covered in textbooks
* Covers a range of practical issues including semiconductor technology selection, cost versus performance, yield, packaging, prototype development, testing, and analysis
* Discusses architectures that are employed in modern broadband wireless systems

Author Notes

Sudipto Chakraborty is a senior research engineer in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, where he is involved in analysis, design, and characterization of advanced wired and wireless circuits and systems towards advanced communication technologies using silicon-based processes.

Reviews 1

Choice Review

Laskar and Chakraborty (Georgia Tech) and Matinpour (Vermont Silicon, Inc.) outline the state of the art in radio frequency (RF) and microwave integrated circuit design for receivers used in wireless communication systems. They include material on system-level design, semiconductor electronic circuit design, packaging "tricks of the trade" in design, and practical considerations. They provide a good balance between theory, design, and practical issues in developing a fully integrated front end design for a wireless receiver. They assume readers have prerequisite backgrounds in electronic circuits, communication theory, and microwaves. Among the many topics addressed are comparisons and trade-offs in superheterodyne and direct conversion receiver architectures, image channel rejection, link budget analysis, linearity, multipath and fading communication channels, spatial diversity, coding, Gilbert cell mixer technologies, patch antenna design, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) high data rate wireless systems, system on a chip design, and future trends in wireless technology including RF CMCS cell phones and ultrawideband communication technology. The well-written text is illustrated with numerous references. No problems are included, which would have been beneficial for classroom adoption. For libraries associated with graduate academic programs in electrical engineering. ^BSumming Up: Recommended. Graduate students through professionals. F. A. Cassara Polytechnic University

Preface	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Current State of the Art	p. 3
2 Receiver System Design	p. 7
2.1 Frequency Planning	p. 7
2.1.1 Blockers	p. 8
2.1.2 Spurs and Desensing	p. 10
2.1.3 Transmitter Leakage	p. 10
2.1.4 LO Leakage and Interference	p. 11
2.1.5 Image	p. 13
2.1.6 Half IF	p. 13
2.2 Link Budget Analysis	p. 14
2.2.1 Linearity	p. 15
2.2.2 Noise	p. 16
2.2.3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio	p. 19
2.2.4 Receiver Gain	p. 20
2.3 Propagation Effects	p. 21
2.3.1 Path Loss	p. 22
2.3.2 Multipath and Fading	p. 23
2.3.3 Equalization	p. 24
2.3.4 Diversity	p. 24
2.3.5 Coding	p. 24
2.4 Interface Planning	p. 25
2.5 Conclusion	p. 25
3 Review of Receiver Architectures	p. 27
3.1 Heterodyne Receivers	p. 28
3.2 Image Reject Receivers	p. 30
3.2.1 Hartley Architecture	p. 31
3.2.2 Weaver Architecture	p. 32
3.3 Zero IF Receivers	p. 32
3.4 Low IF Receivers	p. 34
3.5 Issues in Direct Conversion Receivers	p. 34
3.5.1 Noise	p. 38
3.5.2 LO Leakage and Radiation	p. 38
3.5.3 Phase and Amplitude Imbalance	p. 38
3.5.4 DC Offset	p. 39
3.5.5 Intermodulations	p. 41
3.6 Architecture Comparison and Trade-off	p. 43
3.7 Conclusion	p. 43
4 Silicon-Based Receiver Design	p. 47
4.1 Receiver Architecture and Design	p. 48
4.1.1 System Description and Calculations	p. 48
4.1.2 Basics of OFDM	p. 48
4.1.3 System Architectures	p. 50
4.1.4 System Calculations	p. 52
4.2 Circuit Design	p. 54
4.2.1 SiGe BiCMOS Process Technology	p. 54
4.2.2 LNA	p. 55
4.2.3 Mixer	p. 57
4.2.4 Frequency Divider	p. 61
4.3 Receiver Design Steps	p. 61
4.3.1 Design and Integration of Building Blocks	p. 62
4.3.2 DC Conditions	p. 62
4.3.3 Scattering Parameters	p. 62
4.3.4 Small-Signal Performance	p. 63
4.3.5 Transient Performance	p. 64
4.3.6 Noise Performance	p. 64
4.3.7 Linearity Performance	p. 65
4.3.8 Parasitic Effects	p. 68
4.3.9 Process Variation	p. 68
4.3.10 50-[Omega] and Non-50-[Omega] Receivers	p. 68
4.4 Layout Considerations	p. 69
4.5 Characterization of Receiver Front-Ends	p. 70
4.5.1 DC Test	p. 71
4.5.2 Functionality Test	p. 71
4.5.3 S-Parameter Test	p. 71
4.5.4 Conversion Gain Test	p. 73
4.5.5 Linearity Test	p. 74
4.5.6 Noise Figure Test	p. 74
4.5.7 I/Q Imbalance	p. 74
4.5.8 DC Offset	p. 74
4.6 Measurement Results and Discussions	p. 76
4.6.1 Close Examination of Noise Figure and I/Q Imbalance	p. 79
4.6.2 Comments on I/Q Imbalance	p. 79
4.7 Conclusion	p. 80
5 Subharmonic Receiver Designs	p. 83
5.1 Illustration of Subharmonic Techniques	p. 84
5.2 Mixing Using Antisymmetric I--V Characteristics	p. 85
5.3 Impact of Mismatch Effects	p. 89
5.4 DC Offset Cancellation Mechanisms	p. 92
5.4.1 Intrinsic DC Offset Cancellation	p. 92
5.4.2 Extrinsic DC Offset Cancellation	p. 93
5.5 Experimental Verification of DC Offset	p. 94
5.6 Waveform Shaping Before Mixing	p. 98
5.6.1 Theory and Analysis	p. 101
5.6.2 Experimental Verification on GaAs MESFET APDP	p. 102
5.6.3 Implementation in Silicon	p. 106
5.7 Design Steps for APDP-Based Receivers	p. 109
5.8 Architectural Illustration	p. 111
5.9 Fully Monolithic Receiver Design Using Passive APDP Cores	p. 112
5.9.1 Integrated Direct Conversion Receiver MMIC's	p. 112
5.9.2 Receiver Blocks	p. 113
5.9.3 Additional Receiver Blocks	p. 121
5.10 Reconfigurable Multiband Subharmonic Front-Ends	p. 124
5.11 Conclusion	p. 125
6 Active Subharmonic Receiver Designs	p. 127
6.1 Stacking of Switching Cores	p. 128
6.1.1 Description and Principles	p. 128
6.1.2 Subharmonic Receiver Architecture	p. 131
6.2 Parallel Transistor Stacks	p. 132
6.2.1 Active Mixer	p. 132
6.2.2 Receiver Architecture	p. 134
6.2.3 Extension to Passive Mixers	p. 137
6.3 Extension to Higher-Order LO Subharmonics	p. 137
6.4 Multiple Phase Signal Generation from Oscillators	p. 139
6.5 Future Direction and Conclusion	p. 140
7 Design and Integration of Passive Components	p. 143
7.1 System on Package (SoP)	p. 144
7.1.1 Multilayer Bandpass Filter	p. 146
7.1.2 Multilayer Balun Structure	p. 148
7.1.3 Module-Integrable Antennaw	p. 149
7.1.4 Fully Integrated SoP Module	p. 149
7.2 On-Chip Inductors	p. 152
7.2.1 Inductor Modeling	p. 153
7.2.2 Inductor Parameters	p. 157
7.2.3 Application in Circuits	p. 158
7.3 Capacitors	p. 159
7.4 Differentially Driven Inductors	p. 163
7.5 Transformers	p. 166
7.5.1 Electrical Parameters	p. 166
7.5.2 Physical Construction	p. 168
7.5.3 Electrical Models	p. 168
7.5.4 Frequency Response of Transformers	p. 172
7.5.5 Step-Up/Step-Down Transformers and Circuit Applications	p. 176
7.6 On-Chip Filters	p. 177
7.6.1 Filters Using Bond Wires	p. 179
7.6.2 Active Filters	p. 179
7.7 On-Wafer Antennas	p. 185
7.8 Wafer-Level Packaging	p. 187
7.9 Conclusion	p. 188
8 Design for Integration	p. 191
8.1 System Design Considerations	p. 191
8.1.1 I/O Counts	p. 191
8.1.2 Cross-Talk	p. 192
8.1.3 Digital Circuitry Noise	p. 193
8.2 IC Floor Plan	p. 193
8.2.1 Signal Flow and Substrate Coupling	p. 196
8.2.2 Grounding	p. 196
8.2.3 Isolation	p. 197
8.3 Packaging Considerations	p. 198
8.3.1 Package Modeling	p. 199
8.3.2 Bonding Limitation	p. 200
8.4 Conclusion	p. 200
9 Future Trends	p. 203
9.1 CMOS Cellphones
9.2 Multiband, Multimode Wireless Solutions	p. 204
9.3 60 GHz Subsystems in Silicon!	p. 205
9.4 Interchip Communications	p. 206
9.5 Ultrawideband Communication Technology	p. 210
9.6 Diversity Techniques	p. 211
9.7 Conclusion	p. 213
Index	p. 217

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Author Notes

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