Radio resource allocation and dynamic spectrum access

We are currently witnessing an increase in telecommunications norms and standards given the recent advances in this field. The increasing number of normalized standards paves the way for an increase in the range of services available for each consumer. Moreover, the majority of available radio frequencies have already been allocated. This explains the emergence of cognitive radio (CR) - the sharing of the spectrum between a primary user and a secondary user. In this book, we will present the state of the art of the different techniques for spectrum access using cooperation and competition to solve the problem of spectrum allocation and ensure better management of radio resources in a radio cognitive context. The different aspects of research explored up until now on the applications of multi-agent systems (MAS) in the field of cognitive radio are analyzed in this book. The first chapter begins with an insight into wireless networks and mobiles, with special focus on the IEEE 802.22 norm, which is a norm dedicated to CR. Chapter 2 goes into detail about CR, which is a technical field at the boundary between telecommunications and Artificial Intelligence (AI). In Chapter 3, the concept of the "agent" from AI is expanded to MAS and associated applications. Finally, Chapter 4 establishes an overview of the use of AI techniques, in particular MAS, for its allocation of radio resources and dynamic access to the spectrum in CR.

Contents

1. Wireless and Mobile Networks.
2. Cognitive Radio.
3. Multi-agent Systems.
4. Dynamic Spectrum Access.

About the Authors

Badr Benmammar has been Associate Professor at UABT (University Abou Bekr Belkaïd Tlemcen), Algeria since 2010 and was a research fellow at CNRS LaBRI Laboratory of the University of Bordeaux 1 until 2007. He is currently carrying out research at the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT), UABT, Algeria. His main research activities concern the cognitive radio network, Quality of Service on mobile and wireless networks, end-to-end signaling protocols and agent technology. His work on Quality of Service has led to many publications in journals and conference proceedings.
Asma Amraoui is currently a PhD candidate; she is preparing a doctoral thesis on a topic of research that explores the use of artificial intelligence techniques in cognitive radio networks. She is attached to the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT) in Algeria.

Author Notes

Badr Benmammar has been Associate Professor at UABT (University Abou Bekr Belkaid Tlemcen), Algeria since 2010 and was a research fellow at CNRS LaBRI Laboratory of the University of Bordeaux 1 until 2007. He is currently carrying out research at the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT), UABT, Algeria. His main research activities concern the cognitive radio network, Quality of Service on mobile and wireless networks, end-to-end signaling protocols and agent technology. His work on Quality of Service has led to many publications in journals and conference proceedings.
Asma Amraoui is currently a PhD candidate; she is preparing a doctoral thesis on a topic of research that explores the use of artificial intelligence techniques in cognitive radio networks. She is attached to the Laboratory of Telecommunications of Tlemcen (LTT) in Algeria.

Acronyms	p. ix
Introduction	p. xiii
Chapter 1 Wireless and Mobile Networks	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 Wireless networks	p. 2
1.2.1 Definition	p. 2
1.2.2 Function of a wireless network	p. 3
1.2.2.1 Network with infrastructure	p. 3
1.2.2.2 Network without infrastructure	p. 4
1.2.3 Types of wireless networks	p. 5
1.2.3.1 Wireless personal area network	p. 6
1.2.3.2 Wireless local area network	p. 6
1.2.3.3 Wireless metropolitan area network	p. 6
1.2.3.4 Wireless wide area network	p. 6
1.2.3.5 Wireless regional area network	p. 6
1.2.4 Different types of existing wireless networks	p. 7
1.2.4.1 Networks using infrared waves	p. 7
1.2.4.2 Networks using radio waves	p. 7
1.2.5 IEEE 802.22 standard	p. 12
1.3 Mobile networks	p. 12
1.3.1 Wireless and mobility	p. 12
1.3.2 Mobility	p. 13
1.3.3 Cellular architecture	p. 13
1.3.4 Architecture of a cellular network	p. 14
1.3.5 Telephony	p. 15
1.3.6 Development of cellular systems	p. 16
1.3.6.1 First generation	p. 16
1.3.6.2 Second generation	p. 16
1.3.6.3 Third generation	p. 18
1.3.6.4 Fourth generation	p. 18
1.4 WiMAX mobile and 4G	p. 19
1.5 Conclusion	p. 20
Chapter 2 Cognitive Radio	p. 23
2.1 Introduction	p. 23
2.2 Software radio	p. 24
2.2.1 Software-defined radio	p. 24
2.3 Introduction to cognitive radio	p. 24
2.3.1 History	p. 24
2.3.2 Definition	p. 25
2.3.3 Relationship between cognitive radio and software-defined radio	p. 26
2.3.4 Structure	p. 27
2.3.5 Cognition cycle	p. 29
2.3.6 Components of cognitive radio	p. 31
2.3.7 Functions of cognitive radio	p. 32
2.4 Languages of cognitive radio	p. 35
2.5 Domains of cognitive radio applications	p. 36
2.6 Conclusion	p. 38
Chapter 3 Multi-Agent Systems	p. 39
3.1 Introduction	p. 39
3.2 Definition of an agent	p. 39
3.2.1 The multidimensional characteristics of an agent	p. 40
3.2.2 An agent's concrete architecture	p. 41
3.2.2.1 Architecture of logical agents	p. 41
3.2.2.2 Reactive architecture	p. 42
3.2.2.3 BDI architecture	p. 42
3.2.2.4 Multilevel architecture	p. 44
3.2.3 Model of an agent	p. 45
3.3 Multi-agent systems	p. 46
3.3.1 Communication between agents	p. 46
3.3.1.1 Coordination protocols	p. 46
3.3.1.2 Cooperation protocols	p. 47
3.3.1.3 Negotiation	p. 47
3.4 Application of MAS in telecommunications	p. 48
3.4.1 MAS applications on the Web	p. 48
3.4.2 Application of MAS in virtual private networks	p. 49
3.4.3 Using MAS in the setting of third generation mobiles	p. 50
3.4.4 Application of MAS in network supervision and management	p. 50
3.5 Conclusion	p. 50
Chapter 4 Dynamic Spectrum Access	p. 53
4.1 Introduction	p. 53
4.2 Intelligent algorithms	p. 54
4.2.1 Neural networks	p. 55
4.2.2 Fuzzy logic	p. 56
4.2.3 Genetic algorithms	p. 57
4.3 Dynamic spectrum access	p. 58
4.3.1 Spectrum access using the auction approach	p. 58
4.3.2 Spectrum access using game theory	p. 59
4.3.3 Spectrum access using Markov's approach	p. 60
4.3.4 Spectrum access using multi-agent systems	p. 61
4.4 Conclusion	p. 64
Bibliography	p. 67
Further Reading	p. 75
Index	p. 77

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