Title:
Imaging of complex media with acoustic and seismic waves
Series:
Topics in applied physics ; 82
Publication Information:
Berlin : Springer, 2002
ISBN:
9783540416678
Subject Term:
Added Author:
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Library | Item Barcode | Call Number | Material Type | Item Category 1 | Status |
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Summary
Summary
In this interdisciplinary book, leading experts in underwater acoustics, seismology, acoustic medical imaging and non-destructive testing present basic concepts as well as the recent advances in imaging. The different subjects tackled show significant similarities.
Table of Contents
Time-Reversal Invariance and the Relation between Wave Chaos and Classical Chaos | p. 1 |
1 Time-Reversal Invariance of the Laws of Nature | p. 1 |
2 Wave Chaos and Particle Chaos | p. 4 |
3 Instability of Particle Trajectories | p. 6 |
4 Instability of Wave Propagation | p. 7 |
4 Numerical Examples | p. 10 |
6 Discussion | p. 14 |
Acoustic Time-Reversal Mirrors | p. 17 |
1 Introduction | p. 17 |
2 Time-Reversal Cavities and Mirrors | p. 17 |
2.1 The Time-Reversal Cavity | p. 18 |
2.2 The Time-Reversal Mirror | p. 20 |
3 Time-Reversal Experiments | p. 21 |
3.1 Time Reversal through Random Media | p. 21 |
3.2 Time Reversal in Waveguides | p. 27 |
3.3 Time Reversal in Chaotic Cavities | p. 32 |
4 Applications of Time-Reversal Mirrors | p. 37 |
5 Conclusion | p. 40 |
Ocean Acoustics, Matched-Field Processing and Phase Conjugation | p. 43 |
1 Review of Ocean Acoustics | p. 43 |
1.1 Qualitative Description of Ocean Sound Propagation | p. 43 |
1.2 Sound Propagation Models | p. 49 |
1.3 Quantitative Description of Propagation | p. 53 |
2 Matched-Field Processing | p. 56 |
3 Phase Conjugation in the Ocean | p. 60 |
3.1 Basic Properties of Phase Conjugation | p. 60 |
3.2 Background Theory and Simulation for Phase Conjugation/Time-Reversal Mirror in the Ocean | p. 65 |
3.3 Implementation of a Time-Reversal Mirror in the Ocean | p. 71 |
3.4 Summary of Time-Reversal Mirror Experiments | p. 75 |
4 The Range-Dependent Ocean Waveguide | p. 75 |
5 The Effect of Ocean Fluctuations on Phase Conjugation | p. 83 |
5.1 Time-Independent Volume Scattering | p. 83 |
5.2 Time-Dependent Scattering by Surface Waves | p. 85 |
5.3 Time-Dependent Scattering by Internal Waves | p. 87 |
6 Conclusions | p. 90 |
7 Appendix A: Parabolic Equation (PE) Model | p. 91 |
7.1 Standard Parabolic Equation Split-Step Algorithm | p. 91 |
7.2 Generalized or Higher-Order Parabolic Equation Methods | p. 92 |
8 Appendix B: Units | p. 93 |
Time Reversal, Focusing and Exact Inverse Scattering | p. 97 |
1 Introduction | p. 97 |
2 Direct and Inverse Scattering Problems | p. 98 |
2.1 The Forward Problem | p. 99 |
2.2 Inverse Scattering Problem | p. 100 |
3 Physics of the Newton-Marchenko Equation | p. 100 |
4 Discussion and Summary | p. 104 |
Detection and Imaging in Complex Media with the D.O.R.T. Method p. 107 | |
1 Introduction | p. 107 |
2 Basic Principle of the D.O.R.T. Method | p. 109 |
2.1 The Transfer Matrix | p. 109 |
2.2 Invariants of the Time-Reversal Process and Decomposition of the Transfer Matrix | p. 110 |
2.3 Transfer Matrix for Point-Like Scatterers | p. 111 |
2.4 Decomposition of K for Well-Resolved Scatterers | p. 112 |
2.5 The D.O.R.T. Method in Practice | p. 113 |
3 Selective Focusing Through an Inhomogeneous Medium with the D.O.R.T. Method | p. 114 |
4 Highly Resolved Detection and Selective Focusing in a Waveguide | p. 116 |
4.1 Selective Highly Resolved Focusing in a Waveguide | p. 118 |
4.2 Detection Near the Interface | p. 120 |
4.3 Detection in a Nonstationary Waveguide | p. 121 |
5 Inverse-Scattering Analysis and Target Resonance | p. 122 |
5.1 Experiment | p. 123 |
5.2 Invariants of the Time-Reversal Process | p. 125 |
5.3 Resonance Frequencies of the Shell | p. 127 |
6 The D.O.R.T. Method in the Time Domain | p. 128 |
6.1 Construction of the Temporal Green's Functions | p. 129 |
6.2 Selective Focusing in the Pulse Mode | p. 131 |
7 Conclusion | p. 132 |
Ultrasound Imaging and Its Modeling | p. 135 |
1 Fundamental Ultrasound Imaging | p. 135 |
2 Imaging with Arrays | p. 138 |
3 Focusing | p. 142 |
4 Ultrasound Fields | p. 144 |
4.1 Derivation of the Fourier Relation | p. 144 |
4.2 Beam Patterns | p. 146 |
5 Spatial Impulse Responses | p. 149 |
5.1 Fields in Linear Acoustic Systems | p. 149 |
5.2 Basic Theory | p. 150 |
5.3 Geometric Considerations | p. 153 |
5.4 Calculationof Spatial Impulse Responses | p. 154 |
5.5 Examples of Spatial Impulse Responses | p. 156 |
5.6. Pulse-Echo Fields p. 157 | |
6 Fields from Array Transducers | p. 159 |
7 Examples of Ultrasound Fields | p. 161 |
8 Summary | p. 164 |
Nondestructive Acoustic Imaging Techniques | p. 167 |
1 Introduction | p. 167 |
2 The Nondestructive Testing Task | p. 168 |
3 The Inverse Problem | p. 170 |
4 Special Features of SAFT | p. 172 |
4.1 Lateral Resolution | p. 173 |
4.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio Improvement by SAFT | p. 175 |
4.3 Localization Accuracy | p. 175 |
4.4 Pulse-Echo/Pitch-and-Catch Reconstruction | p. 177 |
4.4 Acoustic Imaging in a 3-dimensional CAD Environment | p. 180 |
5 Imaging in Transversally Isotropic Material - Ray Tracing | p. 183 |
5.1 Sound Propagation Through a V Weld with Defects | p. 184 |
5.2 A 10-Layer Approximated Austenitic Weld | p. 185 |
6 Summary | p. 188 |
Seismic Anisotropy Tomography | p. 191 |
1 Introduction | p. 191 |
2 The Anatomy of Seismograms | p. 192 |
2.1 Progress in Instrumentation | p. 192 |
2.2 Body Waves, Surface Waves and Normal Modes | p. 195 |
2.3 Normal-Mode Theory | p. 198 |
3 An Anisotropic Earth | p. 202 |
3.1 Seismic Anisotropy at All Scales | p. 202 |
3.2 First-Order Perturbation Theory in the Planar Case | p. 205 |
4 Tomography of Anisotropy | p. 212 |
4.1 Forward Problem | p. 212 |
4.2 Inverse Problem | p. 216 |
4.3 Practical Implementation | p. 218 |
4.4 Geophysical Applications | p. 218 |
5 Conclusions | p. 224 |
Elastic-Wave Propagation in Random Polycrystals: Fundamentals and Application to Nondestructive Evaluation | p. 233 |
1 Introduction | p. 233 |
2 Simple Polycrystals | p. 235 |
2.1 Background | p. 235 |
2.2 Theory | p. 236 |
2.3 Randomly Oriented, Equi-axed Polycrystals | p. 240 |
2.4 Equi-axed Polycrystals with Preferred Orientation | p. 241 |
2.4 Randomly Oriented Polycrystals with Grain Elongation | p. 243 |
2.6. Polycrystals with Both Preferred Orientation and Grain Elongation p. 244 | |
3 Complex Microstructures | p. 244 |
3.1 Background | p. 244 |
4 Effects on Imaging | p. 251 |
5 Conclusions | p. 253 |
Imaging the Viscoelastic Properties of Tissue | p. 257 |
1 Introduction | p. 257 |
2 Theory of the Radiation Force | p. 260 |
3 Radiation-Force Methods | p. 261 |
3.1 Transient Method | p. 262 |
3.2 Shear-Wave Methods | p. 262 |
3.3 Vibro-Acoustography | p. 263 |
4 Capabilities and Limitations | p. 272 |
5 Summary | p. 274 |
Estimation of Complex-Valued Stiffness Using Acoustic Waves Measured with Magnetic Resonance | p. hant |
1 Introduction | p. 277 |
2 Measurement Model | p. 278 |
2.1 Acoustic Model | p. 278 |
2.2 Displacement Measurement with Magnetic Resonance | p. 281 |
3 Estimating Material Properties | p. 284 |
3.1 Algebraic Inversion of the Differential Equation (AIDE) | p. 285 |
3.2 Other Inversion Methods | p. 287 |
4 Examples | p. 289 |
4.1 Experimental Phantom | p. 289 |
5 Conclusion | p. 292 |
A New Approach for Traveltime Tomography and Migration Without Ray Tracing | pe O. Ecoublet |
1 Introduction | p. 295 |
2 The Traveltime Function | p. 296 |
2.1 Traveltime as a Series Expansion | p. 298 |
2.2 The Eikonal Equation | p. 299 |
2.3 The Equations of Constraint | p. 300 |
3 Tomography | p. 301 |
3.1 The Misfit Function | p. 301 |
3.2 The Initial Model | p. 302 |
3.3 Optimization | p. 302 |
3.4 Slowness Image Reconstruction | p. 302 |
4 Error and Resolution Analyses | p. 303 |
5 Prestack Depth Migration | p. 303 |
5.1 Computation of the Incidence Angle of the Ray | p. 304 |
6 Conclusions | p. 305 |
Simple Models in the Mechanics of Earthquake Rupture | p. 311 |
1 Introduction | p. 311 |
2 Brief Derivation of the Underlying Equations | p. 312 |
3 The Finite Circular Shear Fault | p. 321 |
4 Spontaneous Faults | p. 322 |
4.1 Fracture Criterion | p. 324 |
Index | p. 333 |