Wireless communications in the 21st century

Bringing together the best recent articles from the foremost IEEE publications, this book features contributions from leading communications experts, who discuss current and future developments in wireless technology.

Major topics covered include wireless standards, radio channel propagation, modulations and coding issues pertinent to the physical layer, spatial and temporal signal processing, IM 2000 radio systems, new packet radio systems, and wireless ATM.

Author Notes

MANSOOR SHAFI is Principal Advisor on Wireless at Telecom New Zealand. He has been employed by Telecom New Zealand for over 20 years and has published extensively on many subjects relating to the physical layer of communications systems. He is a Fellow of the IEEE and was awarded the ComSoc Public Service Award in 1992.

SHIGEAKI OGOSE is engaged in the research and development of the digital mobile communications systems, including PHS, at NTT. He is a member of the Faculty of Engineering, Kagawa University. He received his BSEE and MSEE degrees from Hiroshima University, Japan, and his PhD degree from Kyoto University, Japan. Dr. Ogose is a member of the IEICE.

TAKESHI HATTORI does research and development of cellular systems, paging systems, maritime systems, and advanced cordless systems at NTT. A member of the Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, he received BSEE, MSEE, and PhD degrees from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and a PhD degree from Kyoto University, Japan. Professor Hattori is a member of the IEICE.

Mansoor Shafi and Shigeaki Ogose and Keith ButterworthRaymond SteeleChung Liu and Wayne StromMitsutoshi HatoriJane Brownley and Fram O'Brien and Maria Palamara and Derek Richards and Lynne SinclairMasahiro UmehiraHenry L. BertoniHomayoun HashemiMasaharu HataDongsoo Har and Howard H. XiaEzio Biglieri and Giuseppe Caire and Giorgio TariccoSeiichi SampeiFumiyuki AdachiDavid FalconerRyuji KohnoStefan JaverbringAndrew J. ViterbiErik Dahlman and Fredrik Ovesjo and Per Beming and Christiaan Roobol and Magnus Persson and Jens Knutsson and Joakim SoreliusJ. V. EvansD. Raychaudhuri and P. Narasimhan and B. Rajagopalan and D. Reininger

Preface	p. xi
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 History of Mobile Radio Communications	p. 1
1.2 Telecommunication Needs for the 21st Century	p. 2
1.3 Data Rate Road Map to 3G	p. 3
1.4 Mobile Networks of Tomorrow	p. 3
1.5 4G Mobile Systems	p. 7
1.6 Handsets	p. 9
1.7 Mobility Management in an IP World	p. 10
1.8 Mobile IP	p. 11
1.9 Spectrum for Mobile Systems	p. 12
1.10 Organization of this Book	p. 13
1.11 Summary	p. 17
Acronyms	p. 18
References	p. 19
Part 1 Visions of Wireless Communications Applications in the 21st Century
2 Vision of Wireless Communications in the 21st Century	p. 23
2.1 Introduction	p. 23
2.2 Current Scene in Wireless Communications	p. 24
2.3 3G Scene for the Beginning of the 21st Century	p. 25
2.4 Post-3G Systems	p. 28
2.5 Global Family of Ad Hoc Networks	p. 30
2.6 Peering Through the Future Haze	p. 39
References	p. 41
3 Wireless Migration to Packet Network: U.S. Viewpoint	p. 43
3.1 Future Wireless Network Vision	p. 43
3.2 Future Wireless Network Architecture	p. 45
3.3 Wireless Packet Network Evolution	p. 47
3.4 Migration of Wireless Radio Access to Packet Data Network (Including M-IP and GPRS)	p. 49
3.5 Wireless Packet Network	p. 56
3.6 Summary	p. 56
References	p. 56
4 Vision of Wireless Communications Applications in the 21st Century: A View from Japan	p. 57
4.1 Introduction	p. 57
4.2 Current Wireless Communications Systems	p. 58
4.3 Third-Generation Systems	p. 60
4.4 Fourth-Generation Systems	p. 66
4.5 Other Future Systems	p. 69
4.6 Summary	p. 72
References	p. 72
Part 2 Developments in International Standards
5 Developments in International Standards	p. 77
5.1 Overview	p. 77
5.2 ITU's IMT-2000 Standardization Efforts	p. 78
5.3 3G Standardization Consortia	p. 82
5.4 Evolving Radio Standards	p. 85
5.5 Evolving Network Standards	p. 90
5.6 Related Standardization Efforts	p. 96
5.7 Summary	p. 98
References	p. 98
6 Standardization on Broadband Wireless Access: Wireless ATM and IP	p. 101
6.1 Introduction	p. 101
6.2 Standardization Efforts Related to Broadband Wireless Access	p. 102
6.3 Standardization on Radio Access Layer	p. 110
6.4 Standardization on Mobile ATM	p. 115
6.5 Conclusions	p. 120
References	p. 121
Part 3 Propagation Issues
7 Multipath Effects Observed for the Radio Channel	p. 125
7.1 Introduction	p. 125
7.2 Measurement of Multipath Arrivals	p. 127
7.3 Multipath Phenomena for Narrowband Excitation	p. 129
7.4 Multipath Phenomena for Broadband Excitation	p. 138
7.5 Angular Spread for Space-Time Signal Processing	p. 144
7.6 Summary	p. 144
References	p. 145
8 Indoor Propagation Modeling	p. 149
8.1 Introduction	p. 149
8.2 Types of Variations in the Channel	p. 150
8.3 Wideband Channel	p. 152
8.4 Large-Scale Path Losses	p. 156
8.5 rms Delay Spread	p. 157
8.6 Spatial Variations of the Channel	p. 158
8.7 Temporal Variations of the Channel	p. 159
8.8 Comparison Between Indoor and Outdoor Radio Channels	p. 161
8.9 Indoor Infrared Channel	p. 163
8.10 Conclusions	p. 166
References	p. 166
9 Propagation Loss Prediction Models	p. 169
9.1 Introduction	p. 169
9.2 Empirical Models	p. 169
9.3 Analytical Models	p. 174
9.4 Deterministic Methods	p. 179
9.5 Summary	p. 181
References	p. 182
10 Path-Loss Measurements for Wireless Mobile Systems	p. 185
10.1 Overview	p. 185
10.2 Macrocellular Measurements	p. 186
10.3 Microcellular Measurements	p. 187
10.4 Indoor Measurements	p. 189
10.5 Summary	p. 192
References	p. 192
Part 4 Technologies
11 Coding and Modulation for Power-Constrained Wireless Channels	p. 197
11.1 Introduction	p. 197
11.2 Designing a C/M Scheme: The Gaussian Channel Perspective	p. 198
11.3 Wireless Channel: A New Perspective	p. 201
11.4 Flat Independent Fading Channel	p. 203
11.5 Block-Fading Channel	p. 209
11.6 Interference-Limited Channel	p. 211
11.7 Conclusions	p. 213
References	p. 214
12 Modulation and Demodulation Techniques for Wireless Communication Systems	p. 217
12.1 Introduction	p. 217
12.2 Outline of Modulation and Demodulation Techniques	p. 218
12.3 GMSK	p. 219
12.4 QPSK	p. 221
12.5 [pi]/4-QPSK	p. 224
12.6 M-ary QAM	p. 225
12.7 Pilot Signal-Aided Fading Compensation Techniques	p. 227
12.8 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing	p. 228
12.9 Adaptive Modulation	p. 230
12.10 Summary	p. 235
References	p. 235
13 Fundamentals of Multiple Access Techniques	p. 239
13.1 Introduction	p. 239
13.2 Multiple Access Techniques	p. 240
13.3 Demand-Assign-Based Multiple Access	p. 241
13.4 Random Multiple Access	p. 255
13.5 Summary	p. 263
References	p. 263
14 Spatial-Temporal Signal Processing for Broadband Wireless Systems	p. 265
14.1 Introduction: Motivation and Configurations for Space-Time Processing	p. 265
14.2 Channel Models for Multielement Arrays	p. 266
14.3 Receiver Space-Time Processing	p. 268
14.4 Recent Space-Time Wireless Communication Architectures	p. 280
14.5 Adaptation Issues	p. 280
14.6 Transmitter Space-Time Processing	p. 282
14.7 Conclusions and Future Applications	p. 285
References	p. 286
15 Interference Cancellation and Multiuser Detection	p. 291
15.1 Introduction	p. 291
15.2 CDMA System Model	p. 292
15.3 Multiuser Detection for CDMA	p. 294
15.4 Co-Channel Interference Cancellation for DS/CDMA	p. 295
15.5 Co-Channel Interference Cancellation for FH/CDMA	p. 307
15.6 Concluding Remarks	p. 314
References	p. 314
Part 5 Wireless Systems and Applications
16 EDGE: Enhanced Data Rates for GSM and TDMA/136 Evolution	p. 319
16.1 Introduction	p. 319
16.2 Background	p. 319
16.3 Physical Layer	p. 320
16.4 Link Layer	p. 323
16.5 EGPRS Performance	p. 327
16.6 Conclusions	p. 329
References	p. 329
17 Continuing Evolution of CDMA into New and Improved Services	p. 331
17.1 Commercial CDMA: A Brief Condensed History	p. 331
17.2 System Features of Code Division Multiple Access	p. 334
17.3 Early CDMA Evolution for Data Services	p. 335
17.4 Improvement and Evolution to CDMA 2000	p. 336
17.5 Generational Evolution and Emphasis on Wider Bandwidths	p. 337
17.6 Alternate Implementation of Wider Band CDMA	p. 338
17.7 Reexamining the Goal: Wireless High-Speed Data Transmission	p. 339
17.8 CDMA/HDR for High-Speed Wireless Internet Access	p. 340
17.9 Implementation of CDMA/HDR	p. 342
17.10 Summary and Concluding Remarks	p. 348
References	p. 348
18 WCDMA Radio Access Technology for Third-Generation Mobile Communication	p. 351
18.1 Introduction	p. 351
18.2 Background to WCDMA	p. 351
18.3 UMTS/IMT-2000 System Overview	p. 352
18.4 WCDMA Radio Protocol Operation	p. 357
18.5 WCDMA Physical Layer	p. 359
18.6 WCDMA Radio Resource Management	p. 370
18.7 Performance-Enhancing Technologies	p. 373
References	p. 377
19 New Systems for Personal Communications via Satellite	p. 379
19.1 Introduction	p. 379
19.2 Mobile Satellite Services	p. 381
19.3 Proposed Global Satellite Phone System Designs	p. 383
19.4 Data and Multimedia Services	p. 392
19.5 Concluding Remarks	p. 403
Part 6 Wireless ATM Networks
20 Wireless ATM Networks	p. 407
20.1 Introduction	p. 407
20.2 Wireless ATM Architecture	p. 409
20.3 WATM Radio Access Layer	p. 411
20.4 Mobile ATM Network	p. 418
20.5 QoS Control in Wireless ATM	p. 428
20.6 Concluding Remarks	p. 432
References	p. 433
Index	p. 435
About the Editors	p. 441

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