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Summary
Summary
Expert perspectives on SDI theory and practice
The spatial data infrastructure (SDI) concept continues to evolve and become an increasingly important element of the infrastructure that supports economic development, environmental management, and social stability. Because of its dynamic and complex nature, however, it remains a fuzzy concept to many, and depending on their needs and circumstances, practitioners, researchers, and governments adopt different views of it.
Developing Spatial Data Infrastructures: from Concept to Reality makes a timely contribution to the theory and practice of SDIs and breaks new ground in improving understanding of their relevance and value. It provides expert overviews of policies, concepts, standards, and practices associated with the design, implementation, and operation of SDIs. It introduces the concept of an SDI Hierarchy based on Hierarchical Spatial Reasoning, sets out the similarities and differences between SDIs operating within and between different jurisdictions, and identifies factors key to the success of SDI initiatives.
Built on key contributions to the International Symposium on Spatial Data Infrastructure held in Melbourne in November 2001, this book is the first of its kind to provide address both the theoretical and practical aspects of developing appropriate SDIs. It offers unique, detailed discussions on the challenges and direction of future SDI development and thus provides an outstanding resource for those involved in building and maintaining SDIs and for GIS professionals and students.
Author Notes
Professor Ian P. Williamson, is the Professor of Surveying and Land Information, Head, Department of Geomatics, and Director, Centre for Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI) and Land Administration, at The University of Melbourne. His teaching and research is in the areas of cadastral, land and geographic information systems, land administration and SDI and he advises state and federal government, UN agencies and The World Bank in these areas. He was Chairperson of Commission 7 (Cadastre and Land Management) of the International Federation of Surveyors 1994-98, and is the current Director for United Nations Liaison for the FIG. He is also Chairperson of Working Group 3 (Cadastre) of the United Nations-sponsored Permanent Committee on Geographic Information Systems Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific 2001-2004.
Dr Abbas Rajabifard, is Deputy Director of Centre for SDI and Land Administration, and a Research Fellow in the Department of Geomatics, The University of Melbourne. He holds PhD (Melb), MSc (ITC), Postgrad-Dipl (ITC), and BSurv (Tehran). He worked for the National Cartographic Centre (NCC), Iran (1990-98), where he was Head of the GIS Department, managing the National Topographic Database and National GIS in Iran. From 1994-1999 he has been an Executive Board member and National representative to the Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific (PCGIAP). Since then he has been an active member of WG2 and is now Research coordinator in PCGIAP-Working Group 3. He has also been a member of the International Steering Committee for Global Mapping 1997-2001.
Ms Mary-Ellen F. Feeney, is completing her PhD at the Centre for SDI and Land Administration, The University of Melbourne. She is involved in lecturing, tutoring and course development in a number of subjects and has research interests in the development of SDI to support decision making at local through national levels. She is a member of the Global SDI and Decision Support System (DSS) Working Group. She holds BSc App.Geog.(Hons) (NSW), completing her research with the Commonwealth Science and Industry Research Organisation (CSIRO) and University of NSW in 1997. She has held positions as CSIRO Research Assistant (1996-1997), Australian Hydrographic Service Cartographer (1998) and Technical Development Officer (1998-1999), and has been involved in the development of the Australian Digital Hydrographic Database, GIS infrastructure and capacity building for the Department of Defence.
Table of Contents
List of Figures | p. xv |
List of Tables | p. xvii |
Contributors | p. xix |
Foreword | p. xxiii |
Preface | p. xxv |
Notes on Editors | p. xxix |
Acknowledgments | p. xxxi |
Part 1 Introduction and Background | p. 1 |
1 SDIs - Setting the Scene | p. 3 |
1.1 Introduction | p. 3 |
1.2 Building Spatial Data Infrastructures | p. 4 |
1.3 Challenges Facing SDI Development | p. 10 |
1.4 Conclusion | p. 14 |
1.5 References | p. 15 |
2 Spatial Data Infrastructures: Concept, Nature and SDI Hierarchy | p. 17 |
2.1 Introduction | p. 17 |
2.2 The Need for Spatial Data | p. 17 |
2.3 Spatial Data Infrastructure | p. 20 |
2.4 SDI Hierarchy | p. 28 |
2.5 Applying Hierarchy Theory to SDI | p. 33 |
2.6 Relationships Among Different SDIs | p. 34 |
2.7 Conclusion | p. 36 |
2.8 References | p. 37 |
Part 2 From Global SDI to Local SDI | p. 41 |
3 Global Initiatives | p. 43 |
3.1 Introduction | p. 43 |
3.2 Global SDI-GSDI | p. 43 |
3.3 Global Map | p. 51 |
3.4 Evaluation of Global Initiatives | p. 56 |
3.5 References | p. 57 |
4 Regional SDIs | p. 59 |
4.1 Introduction | p. 59 |
4.2 European Umbrella Organization for Geographic Information (EUROGI) | p. 59 |
4.3 Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific (PCGIAP) | p. 64 |
4.4 Permanent Committee on SDI for the Americas (PCIDEA) | p. 70 |
4.5 Comparative Evaluation | p. 74 |
4.6 References | p. 76 |
5 SDI Diffusion - A Regional Case Study with Relevance to other Levels | p. 79 |
5.1 Introduction | p. 79 |
5.2 Asia and the Pacific Region and Regional SDI Activities: A Case Study | p. 79 |
5.3 SDI Diffusion | p. 82 |
5.4 Influencing Factors for Regional SDI Diffusion | p. 85 |
5.5 SDI Development Models | p. 88 |
5.6 New Strategies and Future Direction | p. 89 |
5.7 Conclusion | p. 91 |
5.8 References | p. 92 |
6 National SDI Initiatives | p. 95 |
6.1 Introduction | p. 95 |
6.2 National SDI - The Concept and Nature | p. 95 |
6.3 Role and Relationships Within SDI Hierarchy | p. 98 |
6.4 Generational Development of SDIs | p. 100 |
6.5 Recommendations and Future Directions | p. 107 |
6.6 References | p. 108 |
7 State SDI Initiatives | p. 111 |
7.1 Introduction | p. 111 |
7.2 The Nature of Spatial Information at a State Level | p. 112 |
7.3 State SDI - Organizational Issues | p. 114 |
7.4 The Operation of State SDI | p. 116 |
7.5 Partnerships in State SDI | p. 121 |
7.6 Evaluation of State SDI Initiatives | p. 124 |
7.7 Other Issues and Future Directions of State SDI | p. 125 |
7.8 References | p. 126 |
Part 3 Australian Case Study from National to Local | p. 129 |
8 Development of the Australian Spatial Data Infrastructure | p. 131 |
8.1 Introduction | p. 131 |
8.2 ANZLIC--The Spatial Information Council | p. 132 |
8.3 ASDI Conceptual Model | p. 133 |
8.4 ASDI Organizational Model | p. 133 |
8.5 ASDI Implementation | p. 139 |
8.6 Current Issues and Future Directions | p. 143 |
8.7 References | p. 145 |
9 State SDI Development: A Victorian Perspective | p. 147 |
9.1 Introduction | p. 147 |
9.2 State SDI in Victoria | p. 147 |
9.3 Linkages to the National Spatial Information Sector | p. 154 |
9.4 Key State SDI Initiatives | p. 156 |
9.5 Victoria's SDI: Next Steps | p. 160 |
9.6 Conclusion | p. 162 |
9.7 References | p. 163 |
10 SDI Development: Roles of Local and Corporate SDIs | p. 165 |
10.1 Introduction | p. 165 |
10.2 Local SDI Development at Geelong | p. 167 |
10.3 Corporate SDI in Multi-Level SDI Development--The Case of DNRE | p. 173 |
10.4 Some Patterns of SDI Development | p. 176 |
10.5 Conclusions | p. 178 |
10.6 References | p. 179 |
Part 4 Supporting Economic, Environmental and Social Objectives | p. 181 |
11 Sustainable Development, the Place for SDIs, and the Potential of E-Governance | p. 183 |
11.1 Introduction | p. 183 |
11.2 Sustainable Development | p. 183 |
11.3 SDIs for Sustainable Development | p. 186 |
11.4 The Potential of E-Governance | p. 191 |
11.5 Conclusion | p. 192 |
11.6 References | p. 193 |
12 SDIs and Decision Support | p. 195 |
12.1 Introduction | p. 195 |
12.2 Decision Support for Sustainable Development | p. 195 |
12.3 Spatial Decision Support and SDIs | p. 197 |
12.4 Supporting the Decision Environment | p. 199 |
12.5 The Developing Decision Support Status of SDIs | p. 206 |
12.6 Decision Support in the Future of SDIs | p. 208 |
12.7 References | p. 208 |
13 Financing SDI Development: Examining Alternative Funding Models | p. 211 |
13.1 Introduction | p. 211 |
13.2 The Economic Issues of SDI Implementation | p. 212 |
13.3 The Concept of SDI Funding Models | p. 213 |
13.4 Alternative Funding Models | p. 216 |
13.5 Customizing the Alternative Funding Models for Emerging Nations | p. 225 |
13.6 Discussion | p. 227 |
13.7 Conclusion | p. 229 |
13.8 References | p. 230 |
14 Developing Evaluation and Performance Indicators for SDIs | p. 235 |
14.1 Introduction | p. 235 |
14.2 Land Administration Systems and the Role of SDIs | p. 236 |
14.3 Evaluation and a Framework for Evaluation | p. 237 |
14.4 Evaluation of SDIs | p. 241 |
14.5 Conclusions | p. 244 |
14.6 References | p. 245 |
Part 5 Technical Dimension | p. 247 |
15 Administrative Boundary Design in Support of SDI Objectives | p. 249 |
15.1 Introduction | p. 249 |
15.2 A Definition of the Spatial-Hierarchy Problem | p. 250 |
15.3 Administrative Boundaries Within SDI | p. 254 |
15.4 Conclusion | p. 259 |
15.5 References | p. 260 |
16 SDI and Location Based Wireless Applications | p. 263 |
16.1 Introduction | p. 263 |
16.2 SDI as a Foundation for Location Based Services | p. 263 |
16.3 Augmenting the SDI Model | p. 265 |
16.4 Framework to Facilitate Wireless Applications | p. 271 |
16.5 Case Study--Public Transport Application | p. 272 |
16.6 Discussion, Recommendations and Future Directions | p. 276 |
16.7 References | p. 277 |
17 Positional Frameworks for SDI | p. 281 |
17.1 Introduction | p. 281 |
17.2 SDI and Positional Accuracy | p. 281 |
17.3 Opening the Lid on Geodesy | p. 283 |
17.4 Spatial Data Referencing | p. 287 |
17.5 Transforming Between Different Reference Systems | p. 289 |
17.6 Measuring and Recording Positional Accuracy | p. 290 |
17.7 Case Studies | p. 292 |
17.8 Conclusions | p. 296 |
17.9 References | p. 297 |
Part 6 Future Directions | p. 299 |
18 Future Directions for SDI Development | p. 301 |
18.1 Introduction | p. 301 |
18.2 Covering the SDI Landscape | p. 301 |
18.3 SDI Development Issues | p. 305 |
18.4 Relationships Between SDI Hierarchy, Issues and Different Models of SDI Development | p. 309 |
18.5 Conclusion | p. 310 |
18.6 References | p. 311 |
Index | p. 313 |