Cover image for Principles of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning in buildings
Title:
Principles of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning in buildings
Personal Author:
Publication Information:
Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, c2013
Physical Description:
xxiii, 600 p. : ill. ; 26 cm.
ISBN:
9780470624579
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30000010312188 TH7222 M58 2013 Open Access Book Book
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Summary

Summary

Principles of HVAC in Buildings by J. W. Mitchell and J. E. Braun provides foundational knowledge for the behavior and analysis of HVAC systems and related devices. The emphasis is on the application of engineering principles, and features a tight integration of physical descriptions with a software program that allows performance to be directly calculated, with results that provide insight into actual behavior. The examples, end-of-chapter problems, and design projects are more than exercises; they represent situations that an engineer might face in practice and are selected to illustrate the complex and integrated nature of an HVAC system or piece of equipment. Coverage of material applicable to the field is broad: a Fundamentals section on thermodynamics, fluid flow, heat transfer, and psychrometrics; types of HVAC systems and components; comfort and air quality criteria; a Loads section on weather data processing; design heating and cooling loads; an Equipment section on air and water distribution systems, heating and cooling coils, cooling towers, refrigeration equipment, and a Design and Control section on seasonal energy use, control techniques, supervisory control, the HVAC design process, and the rules of thumb often used in design. The textbook provides a foundation for students and practicing engineers to design HVAC systems for buildings. In addition, there is extensive supplemental on-line material that provides more in-depth and comprehensive treatment of equipment and component modeling and performance that is geared towards current and future equipment design engineers.


Author Notes

John Mitchell is an emeritus professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He received his Ph.D from Stanford University.He is currently working with Wiley on a Thermal Sciences concept inventory project.

James Braun is a professor of Mechanical Engineering at Purdue. He received his Ph.D from the University of Wisconsin in 1988. HVAC is his primary research area.


Table of Contents

1 Introduction to HVAC Systemsp. 1
1.1 Systems and Definitionsp. 1
1.2 History of Air Conditioningp. 3
1.31 Trends in Energy Use and Impactp. 5
1.4 HVAC System Design and Operationp. 7
1.5 Energy Costsp. 11
1.6 Book Philosophy and Organizationp. 11
1.7 Unitsp. 13
1.8 Summaryp. 14
Problems

p. 14

2 System Analysis Techniques and the Use of EESp. 15
2.1 Introductionp. 15
2.2 Introduction to EESp. 19
2.3 Common Problems Encountered when Using EESp. 22
2.4 Curve Fitting Using EESp. 26
2.5 Optimization Using EESp. 29
2.6 Successful Problem Solving Using EESp. 31
2.7 Summaryp. 34
Problemsp. 35
3 Thermodynamics and Fluid Flow in HVAC Applicationsp. 39
3.1 Introductionp. 39
3.2 Conservation of Massp. 39
3.3 Conservation of Energyp. 41
3.4 Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Substancesp. 43
3.5 Thermodynamic Limits on Performancep. 45
3.6 Thermodynamic Work Relations for Pure Substancesp. 47
3.7 Thermodynamic Relations for Fluid Flowp. 48
3.8 Energy Loss Mechanisms in Fluid Flowp. 54
3.9 Summaryp. 59
Problemsp. 59
4 Heat Transfer in HVAC Applicationsp. 61
4.1 Introductionp. 61
4.2 Conduction Heat Transferp. 61
4.3 Convection Heat Transferp. 67
4.4 Thermal Radiation Heat Transferp. 76
4.5 Transient Heat Transferp. 83
4.6 Combined-Mode Heat Transferp. 87
4.7 Summaryp. 923
Problemsp. 92
5 Psychrometries for HVAC Applicationsp. 95
5.1 Introductionp. 95
5.2 Moist Air Propertiesp. 95
5.3 The Psychrometric Chartp. 102
5.4 The Standard Atmospherep. 103
5.5 Determining Psychrometric Properties Using EESp. 105
5.6 Psychrometric Applicationsp. 109
5.7 Heat and Mass Transfer for Air-Water Vapor Mixturesp. 126
5.8 Summaryp. 132
Problemsp. 133
6 Overview of HVAC Systemsp. 137
6.1 Introductionp. 137
6.2 Overview of HVAC Systems and Componentsp. 137
6.3 Energy Comparison Between CAV and VAV Systemsp. 144
6.4 HVAC System Performance Calculationsp. 145
6.5 ASHRAE Load Calculation Equationsp. 153
6.6 HVAC System Improvements and Alternativesp. 156
6.7 Summaryp. 167
Problemsp. 167
7 Thermal Comfort and Air Qualityp. 171
7.1 Introductionp. 171
7.2 Criteria for Occupant Comfort Inside Buildingsp. 171
7.3 Criteria for Indoor Air Qualityp. 179
7.4 Summaryp. 182
Problemsp. 183
8 Weather Data, Statistics, and Processingp. 185
8.1 Introductionp. 185
8.2 Design Temperature Parameters for HVAC Systemsp. 186
8.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Correlationsp. 190
8.4 Degree-Day Data and Correlationsp. 195
8.5 Bin Method Datap. 200
8.6 Ground Temperature Correlationsp. 202
8.7 Solar Radiation Fundamentalsp. 205
8.8 Clear-Sky Solar Radiationp. 213
8.9 Weather Recordsp. 216
8.10 Summaryp. 219
Problemsp. 219
9 Components of Building Heat Loss and Gainp. 221
9.1 Introductionp. 221
9.2 Thermal Resistance and Conductance of Building Elementsp. 222
9.3 Heat Flow Through Opaque Exterior Surfacesp. 225
12 Liquid Distribution Systemsp. 329
12.1 Introductionp. 329
12.2 Head Loss and Pressure Drop in Liquid Distribution Systemsp. 329
12.3 Water Distribution Systemsp. 332
12.4 Steam Distribution Systemsp. 335
12.5 Pump Characteristicsp. 338
12.6 Heat Loss and Gain for Pipesp. 340
12.7 Summaryp. 342
Problemsp. 342
13 Heat Exchangers for Heating and Cooling Applicationsp. 345
13.1 Introductionp. 345
13.2 Overall Heat Transfer Conductancep. 347
13.3 Heat Exchanger Thermal Performancep. 349
13.4 Heating Coil Selection Processp. 355
13.5 Cooling Coil Processesp. 361
13.6 Cooling Coil Performance Using a Heat Transfer Analogyp. 362
13.7 Cooling Coil Selection Procedurep. 368
13.8 Summaryp. 376
Problemsp. 376
14 Cooling Towers and Desiccant Dehumidification Systemsp. 379
14.1 Introductionp. 379
14.2 Cooling Towersp. 379
14.3 Cooling Tower Performance using an Analogy to Heat Transferp. 381
14.4 Cooling Tower Selection Procedurep. 385
14.5 Desiccant Dehumidifiersp. 388
14.6 Desiccant Dehumidification Systemsp. 393
14.7 Summaryp. 397
Problemsp. 398
15 Vapor Compression Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Systemsp. 401
15.1 Introductionp. 401
15.2 Vapor Compression Systemp. 401
15.3 Refrigerantsp. 407
15.4 Vapor Compression System Compressorsp. 412
15.5 Vapor Compression System Performancep. 416
15.6 Alternative Vapor Compression System Conceptsp. 421
15.7 Summaryp. 429
Problemsp. 429
16 Heat Pump Systemsp. 433
16.1 Introductionp. 433
16.2 Air Source Heat Pumpsp. 435
16.3 Ground Source Heat Pumpsp. 441
16.4 Water Loop Heat Pump Systemsp. 443
16.5 Summaryp. 444
Problemsp. 444
17 Thermal Storage Systemsp. 447
17.1 troductionp. 447
17.2 Ice Storage Systemsp. 451
17.3 Chilled Water Storage Systemsp. 452
17.4 Cold Air Distribution Systemsp. 453
17.5 Building Thermal Storagep. 454
17.6 Thermal Storage Control Strategiesp. 456
17.7 Performance Characteristics of Ice Storage Tanksp. 460
17.8 Selection of Ice Storage Capacityp. 466
17.9 Summaryp. 471
Problemsp. 471
20.1 Introductionp. 523
20.2 Introduction to Optimal Operation of HVAC Systemsp. 525
20.3 Optimization Statement for All-Electric Cooling Plants Without Storagep. 531
20.4 Model-based Optimization Procedurep. 531
20.5 Quadratic Optimization Procedurep. 533
20.6 Simplified Control Strategies for System Componentsp. 536
20.7 Optimization Statement for All-Electric Cooling Plants with Storagep. 544
20.8 Simplified Control Strategies for Systems with Storagep. 545
20.9 Methods for Forecasting Building Loadsp. 548
20.10 Summaryp. 550
Problemsp. 551
21 Designing HVAC Systemsp. 555
21.1 Introductionp. 555
21.2 Design Methodologyp. 555
21.3 Life-Cycle Costp. 562
21.4 Rules of Thumbp. 564
21.5 Design Problems for the Studentsp. 565
Problemsp. 566
Appendix A Thermal Property Valuesp. 573
Appendix B Psychrometric Charts for Sea-Level Conditionsp. 575
Appendix C Wall and Roof Property Datap. 577
References

p. 583

Nomenclaturep. 589
Indexp. 595