Migrating to IPv6 : a practical guide to implementing IPv6 in mobile and fixed networks

Title:

Personal Author:

Blanchet, Marc

Publication Information:

Chichester : John Wiley, 2006

ISBN:

9780471498926

Subject Term:

TCP/IP (Computer network protocol)

Internet (Computer network)

Mobile computing

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010093264	TK5105.585 B52 2006	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Summary

Understand IPv6, the protocol essential to future Internet growth.

Exhaustion of address space and global routing table growth necessitate important revisions to the current version of the Internet Protocol, IPv4. IP version 6 offers greater address space and additional features to support the evolving requirements of Internet applications. Deployed alongside current IPv4 networks, IPv6 will restore the full-fledge network necessary for Internet growth.

Migrating to IPv6 gives a comprehensive overview of IPv6 and related protocols, the layers below IPv6 to the application and end-user layers. Author Marc Blanchet offers a direct and clear route to understanding the topic, taking a top-down approach and ordering topics by relevance. Tried and tested practical techniques and advice on implementation, applications and deployment provide 'how-to' information on everything you need to know to put the technology to work.

Migrating to IPv6:

Provides a complete, up-to-date, in-depth, and accessible practical guide to IPv6. Demonstrates the theory with practical and generic examples and major implementation configurations, such as Windows, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Cisco, Juniper and Hexago. Provides a comprehensive reference to key data structures and packet formats. Summarizes topics in table and graphical form to give fast access to information, including over 200 figures. Offers an accompanying website with extra coverage of specific topics, information on additional protocols and specifications, and updates on new features.

This text will give network engineers, managers and operators, software engineers and IT professionals and analysts a thorough understanding of IPv6.

Author Notes

Marc Blanchet is CTO at Hexago. Hexago sells an IPv6 deployment product which implements the TSP tunnel broker. Hexago is a spin-off of Viagénie, known for the 6tap exchange point, normos, freenet6, the Tunnel Setup Protocol and other IPv6 initiatives, all of which Marc was architect and co-implementor of. In his previous job at Viagénie, he was a network security consultant for enterprises, governments and providers. Marc co-founded the IPv6Forum, and is a member of the board and technical directorate. He is also director and member of the steering committee of the North American IPv6 task force. Marc was co-chair of the internationalized domain names (idn) IETF working group and co-chair of the IPv6 exchanges ad hoc working group. He has written several IETF drafts and RFC in both the IPv6(RFC3531) and idn (RFC3454, RFC3491) fields. Since 1999, he has been giving IPv6 tutorials at conferences such as Networld-Interop, INET, IPv6Forum, 3G, Security and to organizations, taught to many thousands of people, and he also co-authored the Cisco IPv6 course.
Marc received a master's degree in electrical engineering from Laval University.
Marc, as author, can be reached at author@ipv6book.ca

Foreword	p. xxiii
Preface	p. xxvii
1 IPv6 Rationale and Features	p. 1
1.1 Internet Growth	p. 1
1.1.1 IPv4 Addressing	p. 1
1.1.2 IPv4 Address Space Utilization	p. 3
1.1.3 Network Address Translation	p. 5
1.1.4 HTTP Version 1.1 Virtual Hosting	p. 7
1.1.5 Variable Length Subnet Mask	p. 7
1.1.6 Classless IPv4	p. 8
1.1.7 Provider-based Assignment and Aggregation of IPv4 Network Prefixes	p. 8
1.1.8 Constrained Allocation Policy of IPv4 Addresses	p. 9
1.1.9 Global Routing	p. 9
1.1.10 Summary of Internet Growth	p. 9
1.2 Real Issues and Trouble with IPv4	p. 10
1.2.1 Deploying Voice over IP	p. 10
1.2.2 Deploying IP Security	p. 13
1.2.3 Deploying Application Security	p. 13
1.2.4 Videoconferencing	p. 14
1.2.5 A Simple Web Server at Home	p. 15
1.2.6 Using Remote Procedure Calls	p. 15
1.2.7 Remote Management of Applications and Servers	p. 16
1.2.8 VPN Between Same Address Space	p. 16
1.2.9 Deploying Services in the Home Network	p. 17
1.2.10 Merging or Connecting Two Networks Together	p. 18
1.2.11 Large Networks	p. 18
1.2.12 Address Plans and Secondary Addresses	p. 18
1.2.13 Provider VPN Address Collisions	p. 19
1.2.14 Should IP Addresses be Free?	p. 20
1.2.15 Summary	p. 20
1.3 Architectural Considerations	p. 20
1.3.1 Network Address Translator Variations	p. 25
1.4 Paradigm Shift	p. 26
1.5 IETF Work Towards IPv6	p. 27
1.6 IPv6 Main Features	p. 30
1.7 IPv6 Milestones	p. 32
1.8 IPv6 Return on Investment	p. 32
1.9 What Happened to IPv5?	p. 33
1.10 Summary	p. 34
1.11 References	p. 34
2 I Can't Wait to Get my Hands Dirty!	p. 37
2.1 Setup Description	p. 37
2.2 Steps	p. 38
2.2.1 Enabling IPv6 on N2 and N3	p. 38
2.2.2 Two Nodes Talking Already!	p. 40
2.2.3 Installing and Configuring the TSP Client on N2	p. 40
2.2.4 Creating an IPv6 in IPv4 Tunnel with Freenet6	p. 41
2.2.5 Testing IPv6 on N2	p. 41
2.2.6 Requesting an IPv6 Prefix Delegation	p. 41
2.3 Summary	p. 42
2.4 References	p. 42
2.5 Further Reading	p. 42
3 IPv6 Datagram	p. 43
3.1 Description of the IP Datagram	p. 43
3.2 IPv4 Header	p. 44
3.3 IPv6 Header	p. 46
3.4 Header Fields	p. 47
3.4.1 Version	p. 47
3.4.2 Traffic Class	p. 48
3.4.3 Flow Label	p. 49
3.4.4 Payload Length	p. 49
3.4.5 Hop Limit	p. 49
3.4.6 Next Header	p. 49
3.5 Extension Headers	p. 50
3.5.1 Hop-by-Hop Option	p. 51
3.5.2 Routing	p. 52
3.5.3 Fragment	p. 52
3.5.4 Destination Options	p. 52
3.5.5 Authentication and Encapsulating Security Payload	p. 52
3.5.6 No Next Header	p. 52
3.5.7 Order of the Extension Headers	p. 53
3.6 Datagram Size	p. 53
3.6.1 Maximum Transmission Unit	p. 54
3.6.2 Path MTU Discovery	p. 54
3.6.3 Fragmentation	p. 55
3.6.4 Jumbogram	p. 56
3.6.5 Header Compression	p. 57
3.7 Upper-layer Protocols	p. 58
3.7.1 Checksum	p. 58
3.7.2 Implications in Application Protocols	p. 59
3.8 Summary	p. 59
3.9 References	p. 59
4 Addressing	p. 61
4.1 Address Space	p. 61
4.2 Format of an Address	p. 62
4.2.1 Text Representation of Addresses	p. 62
4.2.2 Text Representation of Prefixes	p. 63
4.2.3 Addresses in URL	p. 63
4.3 Unicast Addresses	p. 64
4.3.1 Global Unicast Addresses	p. 64
4.3.2 Scoped Addresses	p. 66
4.3.3 Protocol Use Addresses	p. 69
4.3.4 Unspecified Address	p. 70
4.3.5 Loopback Address	p. 71
4.4 Multicast Addressing	p. 71
4.5 Anycast	p. 74
4.6 Addressing Architecture	p. 74
4.7 Summary	p. 76
4.8 References	p. 77
4.9 Further Reading	p. 77
5 Configuring Node Addresses	p. 79
5.1 Static Address Configuration	p. 79
5.2 Address Auto-Configuration	p. 79
5.2.1 Interface Identifier	p. 80
5.2.2 Router Advertisements and Solicitations	p. 81
5.3 Lifetime of Advertised Prefixes	p. 84
5.4 Node Booting Process	p. 87
5.5 DHCPv6	p. 88
5.5.1 Basic Behavior	p. 88
5.5.2 Initial Exchange	p. 89
5.5.3 Data Exchange	p. 90
5.5.4 DHCPv6 Prefix Delegation	p. 92
5.5.5 Differences Between DHCPv4 and DHCPv6	p. 92
5.5.6 Dual Stack DHCP Clients	p. 93
5.5.7 Renumbering with DHCP	p. 93
5.6 Node Addresses	p. 93
5.7 Configuring Interfaces and Router Advertisements on Hosts and Routers	p. 93
5.7.1 Network Example	p. 94
5.7.2 FreeBSD	p. 94
5.7.3 Linux	p. 96
5.7.4 Solaris	p. 98
5.7.5 Windows	p. 99
5.7.6 Cisco	p. 101
5.7.7 Hexago	p. 104
5.7.8 Juniper	p. 105
5.7.9 Debugging Autoconfiguration and Router Advertisements	p. 107
5.8 Summary	p. 107
5.9 Appendix	p. 108
5.9.1 Router Advertisement and Solicitation Message Formats	p. 108
5.9.2 DHCP Variables, Addresses and Ports	p. 109
5.10 References	p. 111
6 Link-layer Integration	p. 113
6.1 Solicited-Node Multicast Address	p. 113
6.2 Neighbor Solicitation and Advertisement	p. 115
6.2.1 IPv4 Address Resolution Protocol	p. 115
6.2.2 IPv6 Differences	p. 115
6.2.3 Neighbor Solicitation Process	p. 116
6.3 Duplicate Address Detection	p. 117
6.4 Neighbor Cache	p. 117
6.4.1 Neighbor Unreachability Detection	p. 118
6.5 EUI-64 and Neighbor Discovery	p. 118
6.6 IPv6 over Ethernet	p. 119
6.6.1 Frame Identifier	p. 119
6.6.2 Multicast	p. 119
6.6.3 Ethernet MTU	p. 121
6.7 Point-to-Point Links	p. 122
6.8 Multi-link Subnets	p. 124
6.9 Router Advertisements of the Link MTU	p. 125
6.10 Managing Neighbors on Hosts and Routers	p. 125
6.10.1 FreeBSD	p. 126
6.10.2 Linux	p. 126
6.10.3 Solaris	p. 127
6.10.4 Windows	p. 128
6.10.5 Cisco	p. 128
6.10.6 Hexago	p. 129
6.10.7 Juniper	p. 129
6.11 Summary	p. 129
6.12 References	p. 129
6.13 Further Reading	p. 130
7 Internet Control Message Protocol	p. 131
7.1 ICMP	p. 131
7.1.1 Error Messages	p. 132
7.1.2 Informational Messages	p. 135
7.2 Neighbor Discovery	p. 136
7.3 Hop Limit Set to 255	p. 136
7.4 Managing ICMP on Hosts and Routers	p. 136
7.4.1 FreeBSD	p. 136
7.4.2 Linux	p. 137
7.4.3 Solaris	p. 137
7.4.4 Windows	p. 137
7.4.5 Cisco	p. 137
7.4.6 Hexago	p. 138
7.4.7 Juniper	p. 138
7.5 Summary	p. 138
7.6 References	p. 13
8 Naming with DNS and Selecting an Address	p. 139
8.1 Hostname To IPv6 Address with the AAAA Record	p. 139
8.2 IPv6 Address To Hostname	p. 140
8.3 Transport	p. 141
8.4 DNS Server Discovery	p. 143
8.5 Node Information Query	p. 143
8.6 IP Address Selection	p. 143
8.7 Cofiguring DNS and Address Selection on Hosts and Routers	p. 144
8.7.1 Configuring a Unix Client	p. 144
8.7.2 Configuring BIND	p. 144
8.7.3 Troubleshooting with Dig	p. 146
8.7.4 FreeBSD	p. 146
8.7.5 Linux	p. 146
8.7.6 Solaris	p. 146
8.7.7 Windows	p. 146
8.7.8 Cisco	p. 147
8.7.9 Hexago	p. 147
8.7.10 Juniper	p. 148
8.8 Summary	p. 148
8.9 References	p. 148
8.10 Further Reading	p. 149
9 Routing	p. 151
9.1 Required Router Addresses	p. 151
9.2 Source Routing with the Routing Header	p. 151
9.3 Route Redirect	p. 154
9.4 Static Routes	p. 155
9.5 RIP	p. 155
9.5.1 Changes	p. 156
9.6 OSPF	p. 157
9.6.1 Changes	p. 157
9.6.2 Router ID	p. 157
9.6.3 Link-State Database	p. 157
9.7 IS-IS	p. 158
9.7.1 Changes	p. 158
9.7.2 Multi-topology	p. 159
9.8 BGP	p. 159
9.8.1 Changes	p. 159
9.8.2 Router ID	p. 160
9.8.3 Link-local Addresses for Peering	p. 160
9.8.4 Site Scoped Prefixes in Routes	p. 160
9.9 Tunneling IPv6	p. 160
9.10 Renumbering Routers	p. 162
9.11 Internet Routing	p. 163
9.12 Multihoming	p. 166
9.12.1 Provider Independent Address Space	p. 166
9.12.2 Multiple Prefixes	p. 167
9.12.3 Cross-tunnels at Site Exit Routers	p. 168
9.12.4 Propagation using Router Renumbering and Advertisements	p. 168
9.12.5 Multihoming Work Progress	p. 170
9.13 Summary	p. 171
9.14 References	p. 171
10 Configuring Routing	p. 173
10.1 Considerations on Using Autoconfiguration for Router Interfaces	p. 173
10.2 FreeBSD	p. 174
10.2.1 Forwarding	p. 174
10.2.2 Static Routes	p. 174
10.2.3 Route Redirect	p. 175
10.2.4 RIP	p. 175
10.2.5 Troubleshooting	p. 176
10.3 Linux	p. 176
10.3.1 Forwarding	p. 176
10.3.2 Static Routes	p. 176
10.3.3 Route Redirect	p. 177
10.3.4 Troubleshooting	p. 177
10.4 Solaris	p. 177
10.4.1 Static Routes	p. 177
10.4.2 Troubleshooting	p. 177
10.5 Window	p. 178
10.5.1 Forwarding	p. 178
10.5.2 Static Routes	p. 178
10.5.3 Troubleshooting	p. 178
10.6 Cisco	p. 179
10.6.1 IPv6 Forwarding	p. 179
10.6.2 Cisco Express Forwarding	p. 179
10.6.3 Prefix Lists	p. 180
10.6.4 Static Routes	p. 180
10.6.5 Route Redirect	p. 180
10.6.6 RIP	p. 180
10.6.7 OSPF	p. 181
10.6.8 IS-IS	p. 182
10.6.9 BGP	p. 183
10.6.10 Troubleshooting	p. 184
10.7 Hexago	p. 184
10.8 Juniper	p. 184
10.8.1 Martian Routes	p. 185
10.8.2 Router ID	p. 185
10.8.3 Static Routes	p. 185
10.8.4 RIP	p. 186
10.8.5 OSPF	p. 186
10.8.6 IS-IS	p. 187
10.8.7 BGP	p. 188
10.8.8 Troubleshooting	p. 190
10.9 Zebra	p. 190
10.9.1 Static Routes	p. 191
10.9.2 RIP	p. 191
10.9.3 OSPF	p. 191
10.9.4 BGP	p. 192
10.9.5 Troubleshooting	p. 193
10.10 Summary	p. 193
10.11 Further Reading	p. 193
11 Mobility	p. 195
11.1 Overview	p. 196
11.1.1 MobileIP Terminology	p. 197
11.1.2 Basic MobileIP Process	p. 197
11.1.3 Triangle Routing	p. 198
11.1.4 Route Optimization	p. 200
11.1.5 Handoff	p. 200
11.2 MobileIP	p. 202
11.3 Applications are not Aware of Mobility	p. 202
11.4 Mobile Node is at Home	p. 202
11.5 Mobile Node is away from Home	p. 203
11.5.1 Mobile Node Registering to the Home Agent	p. 204
11.5.2 Mobile Node Registering to the Correspondent Nodes	p. 204
11.5.3 Mobile Node Sending Packets	p. 204
11.5.4 Correspondent Node Sending Packets to the Mobile Node	p. 205
11.6 Mobile Node is Moving Again	p. 206
11.7 Mobile Node Comes Back Home	p. 207
11.8 Securing the Binding Update	p. 207
11.8.1 Security Association with Home Agent	p. 207
11.8.2 Return Routability Procedure with Correspondent Nodes	p. 207
11.9 Correspondent Node is Not MobileIP Aware	p. 209
11.9.1 Mobile Node Registering to the Correspondent Node	p. 210
11.9.2 Mobile Node Sending Packets	p. 210
11.9.3 Correspondent Node Sending Packets to the Mobile Node	p. 211
11.10 Advanced Features	p. 212
11.10.1 Fast Handoff	p. 212
11.10.2 Home Agent is Not Reachable	p. 213
11.10.3 Mobile Networks	p. 214
11.11 MobileIP Messaging	p. 215
11.11.1 Mobility Extension Header	p. 215
11.11.2 Home Address Destination Option Extension Header	p. 215
11.11.3 Type 2 Routing Header	p. 215
11.11.4 ICMP Messages	p. 215
11.11.5 Neighbor Discovery	p. 217
11.12 Deployment Considerations	p. 218
11.12.1 Enterprise Network with Mobile Nodes on Most Links	p. 218
11.12.2 Security Considerations	p. 219
11.12.3 IP Version Centric	p. 219
11.12.4 Ubiquitous IP	p. 219
11.13 Configuring Mobility	p. 219
11.13.1 FreeBSD	p. 219
11.13.2 Linux	p. 221
11.13.3 Solaris	p. 222
11.13.4 Windows	p. 222
11.13.5 Hexago	p. 222
11.14 Summary	p. 223
11.15 References	p. 223
12 Wireless IP	p. 225
12.1 Characteristics of Wireless Links	p. 225
12.2 Header Compression over Limited Bandwidth Link Layers	p. 226
12.3 TCP Behavior over Wireless	p. 228
12.4 3GPP	p. 229
12.5 3GPP2	p. 231
12.6 Summary	p. 231
12.7 References	p. 231
12.8 Further Reading	p. 232
13 Security	p. 233
13.1 IP Security (IPsec)	p. 234
13.1.1 IPsec Transport and Tunnel Modes	p. 234
13.1.2 Establishing a Security Association	p. 235
13.1.3 AH Header	p. 235
13.1.4 ESP Header	p. 239
13.1.5 IPsec and IPv4 NAPT	p. 241
13.1.6 IPsec and IPv6	p. 243
13.2 Secure Shell (SSH)	p. 243
13.3 Filtering and Firewalls	p. 244
13.3.1 ICMP Filtering	p. 244
13.3.2 MobileIPv6	p. 244
13.3.3 Network Address/Port Translation	p. 244
13.4 Temporary Addresses	p. 244
13.5 More Secure Protocols	p. 245
13.6 Securing IPv6 on the Link	p. 245
13.6.1 Threats and Trust Models for IPv6 on the Link	p. 246
13.6.2 Secure Neighbor Discovery	p. 246
13.7 Is IPv6 More Secure?	p. 248
13.8 Configuring Security on Hosts and Routers	p. 248
13.8.1 FreeBSD	p. 248
13.8.2 Windows	p. 250
13.8.3 Cisco	p. 250
13.8.4 Juniper	p. 251
13.9 Summary	p. 253
13.10 References	p. 253
14 Quality of Service	p. 255
14.1 IPv5: Streaming Protocol	p. 255
14.2 Diffserv	p. 256
14.3 Integrated Services	p. 256
14.3.1 RSVP	p. 257
14.3.2 Flow Label	p. 259
14.4 Network Address Translation	p. 260
14.5 Hardware processing	p. 260
14.6 Configuring QoS on Hosts and Routers	p. 261
14.6.1 FreeBSD	p. 261
14.6.2 Linux	p. 262
14.6.3 Solaris	p. 262
14.6.4 Cisco	p. 262
14.7 Summary	p. 262
14.8 References	p. 262
15 Multicast and Anycast	p. 265
15.1 Multicast Basics	p. 265
15.2 Multicast Listener Discovery	p. 267
15.2.1 Node Joining a Multicast Group	p. 267
15.2.2 Node Leaving a Multicast Group	p. 268
15.2.3 Router Verifying Group Membership	p. 268
15.2.4 Electing a Router	p. 269
15.2.5 Multicast Listener Discovery Version 2	p. 269
15.3 Multicast Routing	p. 270
15.4 Multicast Address Allocation	p. 270
15.5 Unicast-based Multicast Addressing	p. 271
15.6 Allocation of Multicast Addresses	p. 271
15.7 Multicast Reserved Addresses	p. 272
15.8 Anycast	p. 273
15.9 Configuring Anycast and Multicast on Hosts and Routers	p. 275
15.9.1 FreeBSD	p. 275
15.9.2 Linux	p. 275
15.9.3 Solaris	p. 275
15.10 Summary	p. 275
15.11 References	p. 275
16 Deploying IPv6 in IPv4 Dominant Networks	p. 277
16.1 Combined IPv4 and IPv6 Network	p. 277
16.2 Tunneling IPv6 in IPv4	p. 278
16.2.1 Encapsulation	p. 278
16.2.2 Host to Router Encapsulation	p. 279
16.2.3 Router to Router Encapsulation	p. 280
16.2.4 Static Tunneling	p. 281
16.2.5 6to4	p. 283
16.2.6 ISATAP	p. 290
16.2.7 IPv6 in IPv4 Tunneling Considerations	p. 294
16.2.8 Encapsulating IPv6 in UDP IPv4	p. 300
16.2.9 Tunnel Setup Protocol (TSP) Tunnel Broker	p. 301
16.2.10 Teredo	p. 317
16.3 Tunneling IPv6 in GRE-IPv4	p. 325
16.3.1 Requirements	p. 326
16.3.2 Limitations	p. 326
16.3.3 Applicability	p. 326
16.4 Comparing IPv6 in IPv4 Solutions	p. 326
16.5 Configuring IPv6 in IPv4 Dominant Networks	p. 326
16.5.1 Examples	p. 326
16.5.2 FreeBSD	p. 329
16.5.3 Linux	p. 330
16.5.4 Solaris	p. 331
16.5.5 Windows	p. 333
16.5.6 Cisco	p. 335
16.5.7 Hexago	p. 336
16.5.8 Juniper	p. 342
16.6 Summary	p. 343
16.7 References	p. 343
17 Deploying IPv6 Dominant Networks with IPv4 Support	p. 345
17.1 Tunneling IPv4 in IPv6	p. 345
17.1.1 IPv4 in IPv6 Encapsulation	p. 345
17.1.2 IPv4 in IPv6 Static Tunnels	p. 345
17.1.3 DSTM with DHCPv6	p. 347
17.1.4 TSP Tunnel Broker	p. 348
17.2 IP Packet and Transport Translation	p. 350
17.3 Configuring IPv4 in IPv6 Dominant Networks	p. 351
17.3.1 FreeBSD	p. 351
17.3.2 Solaris	p. 352
17.3.3 Cisco	p. 353
17.3.4 Hexago	p. 353
17.3.5 Juniper	p. 354
17.4 Summary	p. 355
17.5 References	p. 355
18 Migrating with Application Level Gateways	p. 357
18.1 Application Level Gateway	p. 357
18.2 Application Specific Proxy	p. 358
18.3 Considerations of Application Level Gateways	p. 358
18.4 Summary	p. 358
19 Transport Protocols	p. 359
19.1 Checksum	p. 359
19.2 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)	p. 360
19.2.1 Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN)	p. 360
19.3 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)	p. 362
19.4 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)	p. 363
19.5 Summary	p. 363
19.6 References	p. 363
20 Network Management	p. 365
20.1 SNMP Transport	p. 365
20.2 Management Information Base (MIB)	p. 366
20.3 Other Management Tools	p. 367
20.4 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting using RADIUS	p. 367
20.5 Configuring SNMP on Hosts and Routers	p. 368
20.5.1 Cisco	p. 368
20.5.2 Hexago	p. 368
20.5.3 Juniper	p. 368
20.6 Summary	p. 369
20.7 References	p. 369
21 Porting Applications	p. 371
21.1 Introduction	p. 371
21.2 Considerations	p. 371
21.2.1 IP Protocol Version Independence	p. 372
21.2.2 Multiple Addresses	p. 372
21.2.3 Scoped Addresses	p. 372
21.2.4 Address Memory Space	p. 372
21.2.5 URL and Text Representation of IP Addresses	p. 372
21.3 Structures	p. 373
21.3.1 Struct addrinfo	p. 373
21.3.2 Struct sockaddr_in6	p. 374
21.3.3 Struct sockaddr_storage	p. 374
21.3.4 Definitions	p. 374
21.4 Functions	p. 375
21.4.1 Getaddrinfo	p. 375
21.4.2 Getnameinfo	p. 375
21.4.3 Macros	p. 376
21.5 Change Table	p. 376
21.6 Best Practice	p. 377
21.7 Basic Example	p. 377
21.8 Summary	p. 380
21.9 References	p. 380
21.10 Further Reading	p. 380
22 Configuration and Usage of IPv6-enabled Open Source Software	p. 381
22.1 Apache Web Server	p. 381
22.2 Sendmail	p. 382
22.3 Postfix	p. 382
22.4 SSH	p. 383
22.5 XFree86	p. 383
22.6 MRTG	p. 383
22.7 Dovecot	p. 384
22.8 Summary	p. 384
22.9 References	p. 384
23 Best Current Practices and Case Studies	p. 385
23.1 IPv6 Internet Address Space	p. 385
23.2 IPv6 Address Policy	p. 385
23.3 IPv6 Address Planning	p. 387
23.3.1 Optimal Address Plans	p. 387
23.3.2 Numbering Links	p. 388
23.3.3 EUI-64 Considerations	p. 388
23.3.4 Use of Unique Local Address Space	p. 389
23.4 Incremental Deployment	p. 389
23.5 DNS Considerations	p. 390
23.5.1 Publishing the AAAA Record	p. 390
23.5.2 Publishing Special IPv6 Addresses	p. 390
23.5.3 TTL Use	p. 391
23.6 Routing Considerations	p. 391
23.6.1 Topologies	p. 391
23.6.2 Policies	p. 391
23.7 Security Considerations	p. 391
23.7.1 End-to-End-Model	p. 391
23.7.2 Policies	p. 392
23.7.3 Transition Mechanisms	p. 393
23.7.4 Special Addresses	p. 393
23.8 Mail Considerations	p. 393
23.9 Deploying IPv6 and Connecting to the IPv6 Internet	p. 393
23.9.1 Connecting a Single Node	p. 393
23.9.2 Connecting a Mobile Node	p. 394
23.9.3 Connecting a Home Network	p. 394
23.9.4 Connecting a Small Network	p. 394
23.9.5 Enterprise and Military Networks	p. 404
23.9.6 Provider Networks	p. 406
23.9.7 Mobile Networks	p. 406
23.9.8 IPv6-only Networks	p. 406
23.10 Summary	p. 407
23.11 References	p. 407
23.12 Further Reading	p. 407
24 Conclusion	p. 409
25 Quick Reference	p. 411
Index	p. 413

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