Programmable networks for IP service deployment

Title:

Series:

Artech House telecommunications library

Publication Information:

Norwood, MA : Artech House, 2004

ISBN:

9781580537452

Subject Term:

Computer networks -- Management

TCP/IP (Computer network protocol)

Added Author:

Galis, Alex

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010082497	TK5105.5 P76 2004	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

The purpose of this book is to introduce readers to the current state of the art and the future challenges of programmable networks as an enabling step towards rapid, autonomic and flexible service deployment, and to present a novel programmable network and management approach.

Author Notes

Alex Galis is a visiting professor at University College, London. He has co-authored and published more than 100 articles and technical reports on various networking topics.

050

Foreword	p. xiii
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xxi
1 Introduction	p. 1
1.1 The Importance of Programmable Networks	p. 1
1.2 Structure of the Book	p. 3
1.3 The FAIN Project and Consortium	p. 4
2 Programmable Networks: Background	p. 5
2.1 Motivation	p. 5
2.2 Trends and Expected Evolution	p. 7
2.3 Open Signaling	p. 8
2.3.1 The IEEE P1520	p. 8
2.3.2 The IETF ForCES	p. 12
2.4 DARPA Active Networks	p. 13
2.5 Node Operating Systems	p. 15
2.6 Execution Environments	p. 18
2.7 Conclusions	p. 21
References	p. 23
3 Programmable Networks' Security: Background	p. 27
3.1 Introduction	p. 27
3.2 Requirements for Security	p. 29
3.3 Programmability Versus Security	p. 30
3.4 Programming Language or Operating System?	p. 31
3.5 Trusted Networking Requires Trusted Computing	p. 33
3.6 Authorization in the Absence of Identities	p. 35
3.7 Resource Controls	p. 36
3.8 Putting It All Together	p. 37
3.9 Conclusion and Thoughts for the Future	p. 40
References	p. 42
4 Programmable Network Management and Services: Background	p. 47
4.1 State of the Art	p. 47
4.1.1 Network and Element Management	p. 47
4.1.2 Active Service Provisioning	p. 55
4.2 Trends and Expected Evolution	p. 59
4.2.1 Element and Network Management	p. 59
4.2.2 Active Service Provisioning	p. 61
References	p. 61
5 Switch Ware Active Platform	p. 65
5.1 Introduction	p. 65
5.2 Why Switch Ware?	p. 66
5.3 Precedents and Possibilities	p. 67
5.4 Switch Versus Capsule: A Misleading Dichotomy	p. 71
5.5 It Starts with the Node: Active Bridging, ALIEN, SANE, SQOSH, and RCANE	p. 72
5.6 Active Packet Languages: PLAN, SNAP, and Caml	p. 76
5.7 Results	p. 78
5.8 Reflections and Conclusions	p. 80
References	p. 81
6 Peer-to-Peer Programmability	p. 87
6.1 Introduction	p. 87
6.2 What Are P2P Services?	p. 88
6.2.1 Architectural Concepts	p. 88
6.2.2 Components, Structure, and Algorithms of Peer-to-Peer Services	p. 92
6.3 Requirements for P2P Programmability	p. 94
6.4 Objectives and Requirements for P2P Overlay Management	p. 94
6.5 P2P Overlay Management Using Application-Layer Active Networking	p. 96
6.5.1 The Active Virtual Peer Concept	p. 96
6.5.2 Implementation of AVPs	p. 99
6.6 Conclusion	p. 104
References	p. 105
7 Programmable Networks' Requirements	p. 109
7.1 Introduction	p. 109
7.2 Operators' Expectations of Active Networks	p. 110
7.2.1 Overview	p. 110
7.2.2 Speeding Service Deployment and Customization	p. 110
7.2.3 Leveraging Network and Service Management	p. 111
7.2.4 Decreasing Vendor Dependency	p. 112
7.2.5 Integrating Information Networks and Services	p. 113
7.2.6 Diversification of Services and Novel Business Opportunities	p. 114
7.3 FAIN Enterprise Model	p. 114
7.3.1 Roles	p. 115
7.3.2 Reference Points	p. 118
7.4 Network Programmability and Active Applications	p. 119
7.4.1 Introduction	p. 119
7.4.2 Active Web Services	p. 121
7.4.3 Active Multicasting	p. 126
7.4.4 Active VPN	p. 131
7.5 Generic Requirements for the FAIN Architecture	p. 136
7.5.1 Service Architecture	p. 136
7.5.2 Service Access Requirements	p. 136
7.5.3 Service-to-Network Adaptation/Management	p. 137
7.5.4 IP-Based Network Models	p. 137
7.5.5 Service Level Agreements	p. 137
7.5.6 Quality of Service	p. 138
7.5.7 Charging/Billing	p. 138
7.5.8 Security	p. 138
7.5.9 Active Node/Network Control	p. 138
7.5.10 Generic Framework Requirements	p. 139
7.6 Requirements from Operators' Expectations	p. 139
7.6.1 Impact of Speeding Service Deployment and Customization	p. 139
7.6.2 Impact of Leveraging Network and Service Management	p. 140
7.6.3 Impact of Decreasing the Dependence on Vendors	p. 140
7.6.4 Impact of Networks and Service Integration and Information Networking	p. 141
7.6.5 Impact of Diversifying Services and Business Opportunities	p. 142
7.7 Application Requirements	p. 142
7.7.1 RP1: SCP-SP	p. 142
7.7.2 RP2: SP-ANSP	p. 143
7.7.3 RP3: ANSP-NIP	p. 144
7.7.4 RP4: Consumer-SP	p. 144
7.7.5 RP5, RP6, and RP7: Federation among SPs, ANSPs, and NIPs	p. 145
7.8 Conclusion	p. 145
References	p. 146
8 FAIN Network Overview	p. 149
8.1 FAIN Enterprise Model	p. 150
8.1.1 Roles	p. 152
8.1.2 Reference Points	p. 153
8.2 FAIN Reference Architectural Model	p. 154
8.2.1 Discussion on the FAIN Reference Architecture	p. 158
8.3 FAIN Networking Architecture	p. 159
8.3.1 Networking Issues in FAIN	p. 159
8.3.2 Components in the FAIn Programmable Network	p. 160
8.4 FAIN Active Service Provisioning	p. 170
8.4.1 Introduction	p. 170
8.4.2 FAIN Approach	p. 170
8.4.3 Actors	p. 172
8.4.4 Use Cases	p. 172
8.4.5 ASP Architecture	p. 173
8.5 FAIN Testbed	p. 175
8.5.1 Network Topology and Interconnection	p. 175
8.5.2 Sites Overview	p. 178
8.6 FAIN Scenarios	p. 179
8.6.1 DiffServ Scenario	p. 179
8.6.2 WebTV Scenario	p. 180
8.6.3 Web Service Distribution Scenario	p. 181
8.6.4 Video on Demand Scenario	p. 183
8.6.5 Mobile FAIN Demonstrator	p. 184
8.6.6 Managed Access	p. 186
8.6.7 Security Scenario	p. 187
8.7 Concluding Remarks	p. 188
References	p. 190
9 Virtual Environments and Management	p. 195
9.1 Requirements	p. 196
9.2 Design	p. 196
9.2.1 Basic Component	p. 199
9.2.2 Configurable Component	p. 199
9.2.3 Component Manager	p. 199
9.2.4 Template Manager	p. 200
9.2.5 Resource Manager	p. 201
9.2.6 Special Managers	p. 201
9.3 Implementation	p. 202
9.3.1 Basic Component	p. 204
9.3.2 Port	p. 204
9.3.3 IIOP Port	p. 205
9.3.4 SNMP Port	p. 205
9.3.5 Configurable Component	p. 205
9.3.6 Component Manager	p. 205
9.3.7 Resource Manager	p. 206
9.3.8 Virtual Environment	p. 206
9.3.9 Virtual Environment Manager	p. 206
9.3.10 Security Context	p. 206
9.3.11 Security Manager	p. 206
9.3.12 Execution Environment	p. 206
9.3.13 Java Execution Environment	p. 207
9.3.14 Java Execution Environment Manager	p. 207
9.3.15 PromethOS Execution Environment	p. 207
9.3.16 PromethOS Execution Environment Manager	p. 207
9.3.17 SNAP Execution Environment	p. 207
9.3.18 SNAP Execution Environment Manager	p. 207
9.3.19 Channel	p. 208
9.3.20 Channel Manager	p. 208
9.3.21 DiffServ Controller	p. 208
9.3.22 DiffServ Manager	p. 208
9.3.23 Traffic Controller	p. 208
9.3.24 Traffic Manager	p. 208
9.4 Use Cases	p. 209
9.4.1 Booting the Management Layer	p. 209
9.4.2 Creating a Virtual Environment	p. 209
9.4.3 Deploying a Service	p. 210
9.5 Conclusion	p. 210
References	p. 211
10 Demultiplexing	p. 213
10.1 Introduction to De/MUX	p. 213
10.2 Requirements	p. 214
10.2.1 Requirements for Active Packet Format for De/Multiplexing	p. 214
10.2.2 Requirements for De/MUX Mechanism	p. 214
10.3 Active Packet Format	p. 215
10.3.1 VE ID Option Data	p. 216
10.3.2 EE ID Option Data	p. 217
10.4 Framework, Components, Interfaces	p. 217
10.4.1 Active Channel	p. 219
10.4.2 Data Channel	p. 220
10.4.3 Interface Between De/MUX Components and Security Component	p. 221
10.5 Conclusions	p. 224
References	p. 224
11 Security Management	p. 227
11.1 Introduction	p. 227
11.2 System Relationships and Entities	p. 228
11.3 Threats, Security Requirements, and Architecture Goals	p. 230
11.4 Security Issues	p. 232
11.4.1 Authorization and Policy Enforcement	p. 232
11.4.2 Authentication	p. 233
11.4.3 Packet Integrity	p. 234
11.4.4 System Integrity	p. 234
11.4.5 Code and Service Verification	p. 235
11.4.6 Limiting Resource Usage	p. 235
11.4.7 Accountability	p. 236
11.5 High-Level Security Architecture	p. 236
11.5.1 Fain Architectural Model and Security Architecture	p. 237
11.6 Security Architecture Design and Implementation	p. 239
11.6.1 Building the Components' Security Context	p. 240
11.6.2 Enforcement Layer, Authorization, and Policy Enforcement	p. 240
11.6.3 External Security Representation	p. 241
11.6.4 Cryptographic Subsystem and Secure Store	p. 242
11.6.5 Connection Manager	p. 243
11.6.6 Verification Manager	p. 243
11.7 General Active Packet Security Events	p. 243
11.8 Security Architecture Performance	p. 244
11.9 Architecture Applicability	p. 246
11.10 Evaluation of the Security Architecture	p. 248
11.11 Conclusions	p. 249
References	p. 250
12 Resource Control Framework	p. 253
12.1 Requirements	p. 253
12.2 RCF Design	p. 254
12.3 RCF Main Functionalities	p. 256
12.3.1 Admission Control	p. 256
12.3.2 Resource Control	p. 258
12.4 Model RCF Implementation	p. 260
12.4.1 Traffic Control and Management for Linux	p. 261
12.4.2 DiffServ Control and Management for a Gigabit Router	p. 263
12.5 Conclusions	p. 264
References	p. 265
13 Control Execution Environments	p. 267
13.1 Introduction	p. 267
13.1.1 Management for Evolving and Adapting Networks	p. 268
13.1.2 Extending the Control Plane	p. 271
13.1.3 Operation of the Control EE	p. 271
13.1.4 Safety, Predictability, and Security	p. 271
13.2 Active Packet Interceptor	p. 272
13.2.1 Intercepting and Injecting	p. 272
13.2.2 Executing	p. 272
13.2.3 IP Protocols as Active Packets	p. 273
13.2.4 Constrained Language: Forward Branching Languages	p. 275
13.3 Operational Design of SNAP Interpreter	p. 277
13.3.1 Instruction Classes	p. 277
13.3.2 Marshaling and Execution in Place	p. 278
13.3.3 Segments	p. 279
13.3.4 Stack and Heap Addressing	p. 279
13.3.5 Expanding Execution Buffers	p. 280
13.3.6 The Send Primitive	p. 280
13.4 SNAP Activator	p. 281
13.4.1 Packet Interception Mechanisms	p. 281
13.4.2 Other Services	p. 282
13.4.3 SNMP Interface	p. 284
13.5 Security in the Control EE	p. 285
13.5.1 Introduction	p. 285
13.5.2 Active Networks Authentication	p. 286
13.5.3 FAIN Solution	p. 287
13.6 Control EE in DiffServ	p. 289
13.7 Conclusion	p. 289
References	p. 290
14 High-Performance Execution Environments	p. 293
14.1 Motivation	p. 293
14.2 Initiatives in High-Performance Active Networking	p. 295
14.2.1 Practical Active Network: The First Step Toward High Performance	p. 296
14.2.2 Active Network Node with Hardware Support	p. 296
14.2.3 Simple Active Router Assistant	p. 296
14.2.4 Cluster-Based Active Node	p. 297
14.2.5 Composable Active Network Elements	p. 298
14.2.6 Active Packets Edition	p. 298
14.2.7 Protocol Boosters: Programmable Protocol Processing Pipeline	p. 299
14.2.8 Kernel Services	p. 299
14.2.9 AMP	p. 299
14.2.10 Magician: Resource Management and Allocation	p. 300
14.2.11 AMnet: Flexinet Project	p. 300
14.2.12 Safe and Nimble Active Packets	p. 300
14.2.13 TAGS: Optimizing Active Packet Format	p. 301
14.3 Toward an Architecture of High-Performance Active Networks and Nodes	p. 301
14.3.1 Proposing an Architecture for a High-Performance Active Network	p. 301
14.3.2 Proposing an Architecture for a High-Performance Active Node	p. 303
14.4 Tamanoir: A Practical Framework for High-Performance Active Networking	p. 307
14.4.1 High-Level Multithreaded Execution Environment	p. 307
14.4.2 User Space and Implementation Issues	p. 308
14.4.3 Kernel Space Execution Environment	p. 309
14.4.4 Distributed Service Processing: Tamanoir on a Cluster	p. 309
14.5 Tamanoir Performance Evaluation	p. 310
14.5.1 Hardware and Software Descriptions of the Testbeds	p. 310
14.5.2 Latency Measures	p. 311
14.5.3 Data Path Optimization in a Tamanoir Active Node	p. 312
14.5.4 Throughput Measures	p. 313
14.6 Conclusion	p. 321
References	p. 321
15 Network Management	p. 325
15.1 Introduction	p. 325
15.2 Design and Functionality	p. 326
15.3 The FAIN PBNM Core Components Description	p. 330
15.3.1 Common Use Cases	p. 331
15.3.2 Core Components	p. 334
15.3.3 ANSP Proxy	p. 334
15.3.4 PDP Manager	p. 334
15.3.5 PDP	p. 338
15.3.6 Monitoring System	p. 340
15.3.7 Policy Parser	p. 342
15.3.8 Policy Repository	p. 344
15.4 Network-Level Management System	p. 346
15.4.1 Use Cases	p. 346
15.4.2 NMS Components	p. 347
15.5 Element-Level Management System	p. 357
15.5.1 Use Cases	p. 357
15.5.2 EMS Components	p. 360
15.6 Conclusion	p. 370
References	p. 371
16 Service Deployment in Programmable Networks	p. 373
16.1 ASP Functionalities	p. 374
16.1.1 Actors	p. 375
16.1.2 Use Case Diagrams	p. 375
16.2 Design Overview	p. 377
16.3 Service Description	p. 379
16.3.1 Basic Concepts	p. 380
16.3.2 Network-Level Service Descriptor	p. 381
16.3.3 Node-Level Service Descriptor	p. 383
16.4 ASP Components	p. 385
16.4.1 Network ASP	p. 385
16.4.2 Node ASP	p. 387
16.5 Conclusion	p. 390
References	p. 392
17 DiffServ Scenario	p. 393
17.1 Introduction	p. 393
17.2 Architecture	p. 394
17.2.1 Traffic Controller	p. 396
17.2.2 DiffServ Controller	p. 397
17.3 Scenario	p. 398
17.3.1 HIT/HEL Testbed Configuration	p. 400
17.3.2 FHG Testbed Configuration	p. 401
17.3.3 Active Proxy Configuration	p. 402
17.4 Conclusion	p. 404
References	p. 404
18 WebTV Scenario	p. 405
18.1 Motivation and Key Concepts	p. 405
18.2 General Description	p. 406
18.3 FAIN PBNM and ASP Revisited: Detailed Scenario Description	p. 407
18.4 WebTV Components	p. 409
18.4.1 Reconfiguration of the Transcoder	p. 410
18.4.2 How the Controller Works	p. 411
18.4.3 Testbed Configuration for WebTV Demonstration	p. 414
18.5 Conclusions	p. 414
References	p. 415
19 The Outlook	p. 417
19.1 Reference Architecture for Programmable Service Networks	p. 417
19.2 Requirements Analysis for Further Development in Programmable Service Networks	p. 421
19.3 Expected Key Novel Features and Benefits	p. 422
References	p. 423
About the Editors	p. 425
Index	p. 427

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