Computer-supported cooperative Work: introduction to distributed

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Title:

Personal Author:

Borghoff, Uwe M., 1959-

Publication Information:

Berlin : Springer, 2000

ISBN:

9783540669845

Subject Term:

Electronic data processing -- Distributed processing

Teams in the workplace -- Data processing

Added Author:

Schlichter, Johann H.

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000004800391	QA76.9.D5 B67 2000	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

A detailed introduction to interdisciplinary application area of distributed systems, namely the computer support of individuals trying to solve a problem in cooperation with each other but not necessarily having identical work places or working times. The book is addressed to students of distributed systems, communications, information science and socio-organizational theory, as well as to users and developers of systems with group communication and cooperation as top priorities.

Part I Introduction to Distributed Systemsand Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
1 Fundamental Principles of Distributed Systems	p. 3
1.1 Introduction	p. 4
1.2 Transparency	p. 5
1.2.1 Levels of transparency	p. 6
1.2.2 Transparency levels of existing systems	p. 10
1.2.3 Problems with transparency in CSCW	p. 10
1.3 Mechanisms for Communication	p. 11
1.3.1 Information sharing	p. 12
1.3.2 Message exchange	p. 12
1.3.3 Bidirectional communication	p. 16
1.3.4 Producer-consumer interaction	p. 18
1.4 Client-Server Model	p. 19
1.4.1 Terms and definitions	p. 21
1.4.2 Client-server communication	p. 23
1.4.3 Processing requests for service operations	p. 24
1.5 Remote Procedure Call (RPC)	p. 29
1.5.1 RPC properties	p. 31
1.5.2 Mediation and brokering	p. 38
1.5.3 Asynchronous RPC	p. 39
1.5.4 Failure semantics of remote procedure calls	p. 41
1.6 Object-Oriented Distributed Systems	p. 43
1.6.1 Definitions	p. 43
1.6.2 Object distribution	p. 45
1.6.3 Object mobility	p. 46
1.6.4 Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)	p. 50
1.6.5 Tuple space	p. 53
1.6.6 Linear Objects	p. 54
1.7 Distributed Applications	p. 59
1.7.1 Group communication	p. 60
1.7.2 Design of distributed applications	p. 65
1.7.3 Distributed applications in ODP	p. 71
1.7.4 Resource allocation	p. 74
1.7.5 History of highly influential distributed systems	p. 78
1.7.6 Caching	p. 82
1.8 Further Reading	p. 85
2 Computer-Supported Cooperative Work	p. 87
2.1 Introduction	p. 88
2.2 Background for Team Support	p. 89
2.3 Terminology	p. 90
2.4 CSCW in Practice - Scenarios	p. 95
2.4.1 Support of face-to-face meetings	p. 95
2.4.2 Support of distributed electronic meetings	p. 98
2.4.3 Support in between meetings	p. 100
2.5 Application Domains and their Characteristics	p. 103
2.5.1 Software design and development	p. 103
2.5.2 Teaching environment	p. 104
2.5.3 Telecooperation	p. 105
2.5.4 Further examples for teamwork	p. 106
2.6 Interpretation of CSCW	p. 107
2.6.1 CSCW: Work	p. 109
2.6.2 CSCW: Cooperative Work	p. 109
2.6.3 CSCW: Supported Cooperative Work	p. 111
2.6.4 CSCW: Computer-Supported Cooperative Work	p. 112
2.7 History of the Most Important CSCW Systems	p. 112
2.8 Groupware Classification	p. 118
2.8.1 Time space taxonomy	p. 118
2.8.2 Application level classification	p. 119
2.8.3 Classification according to the 3C model	p. 125
2.8.4 More classification models	p. 126
2.9 Design of Groupware	p. 126
2.9.1 Possible aspects	p. 126
2.9.2 Criteria for the acceptance of groupware systems	p. 128
2.9.3 Why groupware systems sometimes fail	p. 128
2.9.4 Benefits and risks of groupware	p. 130
2.9.5 Development methodology of groupware systems	p. 130
2.9.6 Methods for studying groups	p. 134
2.9.7 The Portland experiment	p. 136
2.9.8 Lotus Notes	p. 139
2.10 Further Reading	p. 140
Part II Basic Concepts of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
3 Concepts of Asynchronous and Synchronous Cooperation	p. 145
3.1 Group Processes	p. 146
3.1.1 Group process models	p. 150
3.1.2 Group communication	p. 152
3.1.3 Concurrency control	p. 155
3.1.4 Roles of group members	p. 158
3.2 Cluster Model	p. 158
3.2.1 Direct point-to-point connection	p. 159
3.2.2 Indirect communication links	p. 160
3.3 Strategies for the Distribution of Information Units	p. 163
3.3.1 Direct point-to-point connection	p. 163
3.3.2 Cluster hierarchy	p. 163
3.3.3 Broadcast flooding	p. 165
3.3.4 Routing	p. 167
3.4 Structures of Asynchronous Group Interaction	p. 167
3.4.1 Linear model (Emisari)	p. 167
3.4.2 Comb model (Confer, Usenet)	p. 168
3.4.3 Branch model (Parti)	p. 169
3.5 Management of Shared Context	p. 170
3.5.1 The concept WYSIWIS	p. 172
3.5.2 Relaxed forms of WYSIWIS	p. 172
3.5.3 Telepointing	p. 175
3.5.4 Group awareness	p. 175
3.6 Groupware Architectures	p. 178
3.6.1 Centralized architectures	p. 178
3.6.2 Replicated architectures	p. 180
3.7 Further Reading	p. 182
4 Concurrency Control	p. 185
4.1 Introduction	p. 186
4.1.1 Motivation	p. 186
4.1.2 Classification of concurrency control approaches	p. 187
4.2 Optimistic Concurrency Control	p. 188
4.3 Centralized Control	p. 189
4.3.1 Control unit	p. 189
4.3.2 Token-passing	p. 190
4.4 Decentralized Control: Overview	p. 191
4.5 Simple Locking Schemes	p. 191
4.6 Floor-passing Schemes	p. 194
4.6.1 Explicit floor-passing scheme	p. 195
4.6.2 Implicit floor-passing with coordination unit	p. 195
4.6.3 Implicit floor-passing with distributed coordination	p. 196
4.7 Transactions	p. 197
4.8 Operation Transformation	p. 201
4.8.1 Sites	p. 201
4.8.2 Group Outline Viewing Editor (Grove)	p. 202
4.8.3 The Grove algorithm: distributed Operational Transformation (dOPT)	p. 206
4.8.4 Correctness of the Grove algorithm	p. 208
4.9 Further Reading	p. 209
5 Replication and Concurrency Control	p. 211
5.1 Introduction	p. 212
5.2 Voting Schemes	p. 218
5.2.1 Majority consensus	p. 220
5.2.2 Weighted voting	p. 224
5.2.3 Write-all-read-any	p. 226
5.2.4 Voting with witnesses	p. 227
5.2.5 Available- copy	p. 239
5.2.6 Dynamic voting	p. 245
5.2.7 Voting-class	p. 259
5.2.8 Multidimensional voting	p. 261
5.2.9 Hierarchical Voting	p. 263
5.3 Additional Schemes with Decentralized Control	p. 266
5.3.1 Coding scheme	p. 267
5.3.2 Grid protocol	p. 274
5.4 Regeneration	p. 279
5.5 Further Reading	p. 280
Part III Application Classes of Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
6 Communication Systems and Shared Information Spaces	p. 285
6.1 Email Systems	p. 286
6.1.1 Message transfer agent	p. 287
6.1.2 User agents	p. 288
6.1.3 Message envelope	p. 289
6.1.4 Email address	p. 290
6.1.5 Groupware characteristics of an email system	p. 290
6.2 Video Conferencing	p. 291
6.2.1 Aspects in the usage of video conferencing	p. 291
6.2.2 Conference management	p. 293
6.3 Shared Information Spaces	p. 295
6.3.1 General definitions	p. 295
6.3.2 History of hypertext systems	p. 296
6.3.3 Architecture of hypertext systems	p. 301
6.3.4 Dexter reference model	p. 307
6.3.5 Navigation in hypertext networks	p. 309
6.3.6 Trellis model	p. 315
6.3.7 IBIS method	p. 315
6.3.8 Campiello - Information spaces and communities	p. 318
6.3.9 Case studies: cooperative nature of information search activities	p. 322
6.4 Further Reading	p. 325
7 Workflow Management, Conversation and Coordination Systems	p. 327
7.1 Introduction	p. 328
7.1.1 The history of workflow management	p. 330
7.1.2 Terminology	p. 331
7.1.3 Goals, barriers and features	p. 333
7.1.4 Taxonomy	p. 335
7.2 Conversation Model	p. 337
7.2.1 Definition of speech act	p. 338
7.2.2 Conversation networks	p. 340
7.2.3 Conversation systems	p. 341
7.2.4 The Coordinator	p. 343
7.2.5 The office procedure system Domino	p. 344
7.2.6 The activity management system Tacts	p. 346
7.3 Coordination Models	p. 350
7.3.1 The coordination theory according to Malone	p. 352
7.3.2 Customer-performer model	p. 353
7.4 Workflow Modeling	p. 354
7.4.1 Aspect-oriented workflow model	p. 355
7.4.2 Process grammar	p. 358
7.5 Execution Environments for Workflows	p. 360
7.6 Further Developments	p. 361
7.6.1 Problems and open issues	p. 362
7.6.2 Workflow Management Coalition (WfMC)	p. 363
7.6.3 Adaptive workflow	p. 364
7.6.4 Workflow life cycle	p. 368
7.7 Further Reading	p. 372
8 Workgroup Computing	p. 373
8.1 Electronic Meeting Support	p. 374
8.1.1 Architectures for electronic meeting systems	p. 376
8.1.2 General characteristics of electronic meeting systems	p. 378
8.1.3 Design alternatives for meeting rooms	p. 379
8.2 Distributed Document Systems	p. 382
8.2.1 Cooperative document creation	p. 383
8.2.2 Group editors - overview	p. 387
8.2.3 The group editor Iris	p. 387
8.2.4 DistEdit	p. 389
8.2.5 User interface layer of a group editor	p. 390
8.2.6 Access layer of a group editor	p. 394
8.2.7 Architecture of a distributed group editor	p. 397
8.2.8 Document structure	p. 401
8.2.9 Logical views of the document structure	p. 402
8.2.10 Structure editor	p. 404
8.2.11 Versioning/history management	p. 406
8.3 Undo in Distributed Group Editors	p. 407
8.3.1 Basic concepts	p. 408
8.3.2 Simple undo	p. 409
8.3.3 Selective undo according to Prakash and Knister	p. 409
8.3.4 Selective undo (extended version)	p. 412
8.4 Further Reading	p. 413
9 Multiagent Systems	p. 415
9.1 Introduction	p. 416
9.2 Characteristics and Classification	p. 418
9.3 Modeling	p. 424
9.3.1 Distributed problem solving	p. 425
9.3.2 Agent model	p. 425
9.3.3 Conceptual framework	p. 426
9.3.4 Layer concept	p. 427
9.4 Cooperation among Agents	p. 430
9.4.1 Cooperation by (semi) structured messages	p. 430
9.4.2 Cooperation strategies	p. 433
9.4.3 Cooperation methods	p. 434
9.4.4 Communication types	p. 436
9.5 The Contract Net Protocol	p. 438
9.5.1 Basic concepts of the contract net protocol	p. 438
9.5.2 Task announcement phase	p. 439
9.5.3 Bid creation phase	p. 440
9.5.4 Bid selection phase	p. 441
9.5.5 Task assignment phase	p. 443
9.5.6 Task execution phase	p. 443
9.5.7 Assessment of the contract net protocol	p. 443
9.6 Agent-based Information Brokering	p. 444
9.6.1 Systems of agent-based information brokering	p. 445
9.6.2 Constraint-Based Knowledge Brokers	p. 452
9.6.3 Protocols	p. 459
9.6.4 Agent processing	p. 463
9.7 Distributed Meeting Scheduling	p. 469
9.7.1 Formal definition of the meeting scheduling problem	p. 471
9.7.2 Scheduling process	p. 473
9.7.3 Scheduling model	p. 473
9.7.4 Strategies	p. 475
9.8 Actor Model	p. 476
9.8.1 Actor definition	p. 476
9.8.2 Generic actor system	p. 477
9.8.3 Example for an actor system	p. 478
9.9 Further Reading	p. 479
References	p. 481
List of Figures	p. 509
List of Tables	p. 515
Index	p. 517

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