Modeling and simulation for RF system design

Title:

Publication Information:

Dordrecht : Springer, 2005

Physical Description:

1 CD-ROM ; 12 cm.

ISBN:

9780387275840

General Note:

Accompanies text of the same title : TK5102.5 M62 2005

Subject Term:

Telecommunication systems -- Simulation methods

Telecommunication systems -- Mathematical models

VHDL (Computer hardware description language)

Added Author:

Frevert, Ronny

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Modern telecommunication systems are highly complex from an algorithmic point of view. The complexity continues to increase due to advanced modulation schemes, multiple protocols and standards, as well as additional functionality such as personal organizers or navigation aids.

To have short and reliable design cycles, efficient verification methods and tools are necessary. Modeling and simulation need to accompany the design steps from the specification to the overall system verification in order to bridge the gaps between system specification, system simulation, and circuit level simulation. Very high carrier frequencies together with long observation periods result in extremely large computation times and requires, therefore, specialized modeling methods and simulation tools on all design levels.

The focus of Modeling and Simulation for RF System Design lies on RF specific modeling and simulation methods and the consideration of system and circuit level descriptions. It contains application-oriented training material for RF designers which combines the presentation of a mixed-signal design flow, an introduction into the powerful standardized hardware description languages VHDL-AMS and Verilog-A, and the application of commercially available simulators.

Modeling and Simulation for RF System Design is addressed to graduate students and industrial professionals who are engaged in communication system design and want to gain insight into the system structure by own simulation experiences.

The authors are experts in design, modeling and simulation of communication systems engaged at the Nokia Research Center (Bochum, Germany) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits, Branch Lab Design Automation (Dresden, Germany).

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgments	p. xi
1 Introduction	p. 1
2 Design Flow Overview	p. 7
2.1 Design Levels	p. 7
2.2 Top-down System Design	p. 9
2.3 Bottom-up Verification	p. 11
3 Simulation Tools in System Design	p. 15
3.1 Use of Simulation Tools within the Design Flow	p. 15
3.2 Specific Simulation Algorithms of RF Simulators	p. 17
3.3 Criteria of the Simulator Selection	p. 21
3.4 Internet Resources for Simulation Tools	p. 23
4 System Level Modeling	p. 25
4.1 System Level Simulation	p. 25
4.2 Simulation Technology of System Level Simulators	p. 26
4.3 Complex Baseband Simulation	p. 27
4.3.1 Principle	p. 27
4.3.2 Example for baseband simulation	p. 30
4.3.3 Restrictions and advantages of baseband modeling	p. 30
4.4 Model Libraries for System Simulation	p. 31
4.5 Creation of Own Primitive and Hierarchical Models	p. 33
4.5.1 SPW modeling example	p. 33
5 VHDL-AMS for Block Level Simulation	p. 39
5.1 Introduction	p. 39
5.2 VHDL-AMS Standardization	p. 40
5.3 A Simple Block Level Example - Analog PLL	p. 41
5.3.1 Mathematical models of basic blocks	p. 42
5.3.2 Structural description of the PLL circuit in VHDL-AMS	p. 44
5.3.3 VHDL-AMS description of basic blocks	p. 47
5.4 Summary	p. 50
6 Introduction to VHDL-AMS	p. 51
6.1 Aim of this Introduction	p. 51
6.2 Repetition of Basics of VHDL 1076-1993	p. 52
6.2.1 Design units	p. 52
6.2.2 Logical libraries and compilation of design units	p. 56
6.2.3 Concurrent statements	p. 60
6.2.4 A simple pure digital example - divider	p. 65
6.3 Conservative Systems Description	p. 66
6.3.1 Network analysis problem	p. 67
6.3.2 Nature, terminal and branch quantity declarations	p. 71
6.3.3 Simultaneous statements and free quantity declarations	p. 78
6.3.4 Example of a conservative system - A-law companding	p. 85
6.3.5 Attributes in VHDL-AMS	p. 88
6.3.6 Example - higher order lowpass filter	p. 103
6.4 Description of Nonconservative Systems	p. 105
6.5 Mixed-Signal Simulation	p. 107
6.5.1 Attributes for mixed-signal modeling	p. 108
6.5.2 Mixed-signal simulation cycle	p. 114
6.6 Analysis Domains	p. 116
6.6.1 Supported domains	p. 116
6.6.2 Small-signal and noise domain simulation	p. 118
6.7 Summary	p. 124
7 Selected RF Blocks in VHDL-AMS	p. 127
7.1 Library Overview	p. 127
7.2 Signal Sources	p. 128
7.2.1 Independent sources	p. 128
7.2.2 Modulated sources	p. 130
7.2.3 Wobble generator	p. 133
7.2.4 Pseudorandom binary source	p. 135
7.3 Basic RF Building Blocks	p. 137
7.3.1 Low-noise amplifier	p. 137
7.3.2 Mixer	p. 142
7.3.3 Charge pump	p. 146
7.3.4 Analog VCO	p. 150
7.3.5 Digital VCO	p. 153
7.3.6 Filters	p. 157
7.3.7 Switch	p. 163
7.3.8 General n-bit A/D and D/A converter	p. 164
7.3.9 Simple channel	p. 169
7.4 Measurement and Observation Units	p. 174
7.4.1 Peak detector	p. 174
7.4.2 Frequency measurement unit	p. 175
7.4.3 Power meter	p. 178
7.5 Block Level Example of a Linear PLL	p. 183
8 Macromodeling in VHDL-AMS	p. 191
8.1 Introduction	p. 191
8.2 General Methodology	p. 191
8.3 Input and Output Stages	p. 194
8.3.1 Input stages	p. 194
8.3.2 Output stages	p. 197
8.4 OpAmp Macromodel	p. 199
9 Complex Example: Wlan Receiver	p. 203
9.1 Introduction	p. 203
9.2 Example Specification	p. 204
9.3 Example Modeling	p. 207
9.4 Example Calibration	p. 211
9.5 Example Verification	p. 214
10 Modeling of Analog Blocks in Verilog-A	p. 219
10.1 Introduction	p. 219
10.2 Writing Custom Behavioral Models	p. 220
10.2.1 Verilog-A principles	p. 220
10.2.2 LNA modeling example	p. 222
10.2.3 Creating a Verilog-A model	p. 226
10.3 Overview of the Cadence Model Library rfLib	p. 231
10.4 Modeling and Simulation of a WLAN Receiver	p. 236
10.4.1 WLAN receiver modeling using Cadence libraries	p. 237
10.4.2 Simulation of the WLAN receiver	p. 240
11 Characterization for Bottom-Up Verification	p. 247
11.1 Concept of Characterization	p. 247
11.2 RF Characteristics and Parameters	p. 248
11.3 Application of Characterization	p. 252
11.4 Example Characterization of an LNA	p. 254
11.5 Characterization Environment	p. 258
11.6 Characterization Using the OCEAN Script Language	p. 262
11.6.1 Creation of the testbench schematic	p. 262
11.6.2 Analysis settings and simulation	p. 263
11.6.3 Combination and extension of the OCEAN scripts	p. 266
12 Advanced Methods for Overall System Specification and Validation	p. 271
12.1 Gap between System Level and Block Level Simulation	p. 271
12.2 File Coupling of Simulators	p. 272
12.3 Direct Cosimulation of System Level and Analog Simulators	p. 273
12.4 Generated Black Box Models	p. 279
References	p. 285
Index	p. 287

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