Traditional medicinal plants and malaria

Malaria is an increasing worldwide threat, with more than three hundred million infections and one million deaths every year. The world's poorest are the worst affected, and many treat themselves with traditional herbal medicines. These are often more available and affordable, and sometimes are perceived as more effective than conventional antimalarial drugs.

The first book to be published on this subject, Traditional Medicinal Plants and Malaria explores the evidence for the safety and efficacy of some of these traditional medicines, and presents practical guidelines for designing studies on traditional plant-based antimalarial medicines, mosquito repellents, and insecticides. Systematic reviews of the literature and consensus guidelines form the main body of the book. Ethnomedical, ethnobotanical, pharmacological, phytochemical, toxicological, and clinical aspects of herbal antimalarials are also reviewed. These are supplemented by case studies of the most well-known traditional antimalarials.

Author Notes

Merlin Willcox, Gerard Bodeker, Philippe Rosoanaivo

David A. WarrellGerard BodekerAndrew Y. Kitua and Hamisi M. MaleboMark Honigsbaum and Merlin WillcoxMerlin Willcox and Gerard Bodeker and Genevieve Bourdy and Vikas Dhingra and Jacques Falquet and Jorge F.S. Ferreira and Bertrand Graz and Hans-Martin Hirt and Elisabeth Hsu and Pedro Melillo de Magalhaes and Damien Provendier and Colin W. WrightSean Hsiang-lin Lei and Gerard BodekerV.P. SharmaMerlin Willcox and Joanne ChamberlainDrissa Diallo and Ababacar Maiga and Chiaka Diakite and Merlin WillcoxJonathan Addae-KyeremeDavid Ramanitrahasimbola and Jacques Ranaivoravo and Herintsoa Rafatro and Philippe Rasoanaivo and Suzanne Ratsimamanga-UrvergMerlin Willcox and Gerard BodekerMerlin Willcox and Gemma Burford and Gerard BodekerMark HarrisonP.M. Unnikrishnan and S.N. Venugopal and Sarika D'Souza and Darshan ShankarNina L. Etkin and Maria do Ceu de Madureira and Gemma BurfordColin W. WrightPhilippe Rasoanaivo and Eric Deharo and Suzanne Ratsimamanga-Urverg and Francois FrappierDominique Mazier and J.F. Franetich and M. Carraz and O. Silvie and P. PinoMerlin Willcox and Shingu K. Gamaniel and Motlalepula G. Matsabisa and Jean Rene Randriasamimanana and Charles O.N. Wambebe and Philippe RasoanaivoMerlin Willcox and Gerard BodekerBertrand GrazMerlin Willcox and Idowu OlanrewajuSarah J. Moore and Annick D. LengletSarah J. Moore and RITAM Vector Control GroupAdebayo A. GboladeAdebayo A. Gbolade and Nzira Lukwa and Dibungi T. Kalenda and Christophe Boete and Bart G.J. KnolsMerlin Willcox

Foreword	p. xix
Introduction	p. xxiii
Part 1 Traditional Medicine and Malaria Control
Chapter 1 Malaria Control in Africa and the Role of Traditional Medicine	p. 3
Part 2 Case Studies of Plant-Based Medicines for Malaria
Chapter 2 Cinchona	p. 21
Chapter 3 Artemisia annua as a Traditional Herbal Antimalarial	p. 43
Chapter 4 Changshan (Dichroa febrifuga)--Ancient Febrifuge and Modern Antimalarial: Lessons for Research from a Forgotten Tale	p. 61
Chapter 5 Ayush-64	p. 83
Chapter 6 Neem (Azadirachta indica)	p. 91
Chapter 7 Malarial-5: Development of an Antimalarial Phytomedicine in Mali	p. 117
Chapter 8 Cryptolepis sanguinolenta	p. 131
Chapter 9 Strychnos myrtoides: A Case Study of a Chemosensitising Medicinal Plant	p. 141
Part 3 Ethnomedical Research
Chapter 10 Frequency of Use of Traditional Herbal Medicines for the Treatment and Prevention of Malaria: An Overview of the Literature	p. 161
Chapter 11 An Overview of Ethnobotanical Studies on Plants Used for the Treatment of Malaria	p. 187
Chapter 12 The Discovery of Indigenous Febrifuges in the British East Indies, c. 1700-1820	p. 199
Chapter 13 The Ayurvedic Perspective on Malaria	p. 205
Chapter 14 Guidelines for Ethnobotanical Studies on Traditional Antimalarials	p. 215
Part 4 Laboratory Research
Chapter 15 Pharmacological Properties of the Active Constituents of Some Traditional Herbal Antimalarials	p. 231
Chapter 16 Guidelines for the Nonclinical Evaluation of the Efficacy of Traditional Antimalarials	p. 255
Chapter 17 Models for Studying the Effects of Herbal Antimalarials at Different Stages of the Plasmodium Life Cycle	p. 271
Chapter 18 Guidelines for the Preclinical Evaluation of the Safety of Traditional Herbal Antimalarials	p. 279
Part 5 Clinical Research
Chapter 19 An Overview of Clinical Studies on Traditional Herbal Antimalarials	p. 297
Chapter 20 Observational Methods for Assessing Traditional Antimalarials	p. 311
Chapter 21 Guidelines for Clinical Studies on Herbal Antimalarials	p. 321
Part 6 Repellence and Vector Control
Chapter 22 An Overview of Plants Used as Insect Repellents	p. 343
Chapter 23 Guidelines for Studies on Plant-Based Insect Repellents	p. 365
Chapter 24 An Overview of Plants Used for Malaria Vector Control	p. 375
Chapter 25 Guidelines for Studies on Plant-Based Vector Control Agents	p. 389
Epilogue: Prospects for the Future	p. 409
Glossary of Technical Terms and Abbreviations	p. 415
Index	p. 417

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Table of Contents