Ultra-wide band antennas

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Title:

Publication Information:

London, UK : ISTE ; Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2010

Physical Description:

xii, 278 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.

ISBN:

9781848212329

General Note:

Rev. papers of the autumn school, GDR Ondes, organized in Valence, Oct. 2006

Subject Term:

Ultra-wideband antennas -- Congresses

Added Author:

Begaud, Xavier

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Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010236602	TK7871.67.U45 U58 2010	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

Ultra Wide Band Technology (UWB) has reached a level of maturity that allows us to offer wireless links with either high or low data rates. These wireless links are frequently associated with a location capability for which ultimate accuracy varies with the inverse of the frequency bandwidth. Using time or frequency domain waveforms, they are currently the subject of international standards facilitating their commercial implementation. Drawing up a complete state of the art, Ultra Wide Band Antennas is aimed at students, engineers and researchers and presents a summary of internationally recognized studies.

Author Notes

Xavier Begaud is Associate Professor at TELECOM ParisTech in France. His main research interests are the theory, design, modeling and characterization of wideband, dual polarized and 3D antennas (with special emphasis on numerical methods), and the design of metamaterials, channel sounders and mutual coupling analysis in the framework of Ultra Wide Band and Software Radio.

Serge Héthuin and Isabelle BucailleXavier BegaudChristophe RoblinChristophe DelaveaudNicolas Fortino and Jean-Yves Dauvignac and Georges Kossiavas and Xavier BegaudAlain Sibille

Preface	p. ix
Chapter 1 Applications of Ultra Wide Band Systems	p. 1
1.1 Introduction	p. 1
1.2 UWB regulation: a complex context	p. 2
1.2.1 UWB regulation in the USA	p. 2
1.2.2 UWB regulation in Europe	p. 3
1.2.3 UWB regulation in Japan	p. 6
1.2.4 Emission mask in the United States, Europe and Japan	p. 7
1.3 Formal Ultra Wide Band types	p. 8
1.3.1 Ultra Wide Band Impulse Radio (UWB-IP)	p. 8
1.3.2 OFDM-ultra wide band (UWB-OFDM)	p. 12
1.4 Non-formal ultra wide band types	p. 14
1.4.1 Ultra wide band frequency hopping (UWB-FH)	p. 14
1.4.2 Chirp Ultra Wide Band (UWB-FM)	p. 17
1.5 Comparison between the different Ultra Wide Band techniques	p. 20
1.6 Typical UWB-OFDM applications	p. 21
1.6.1 Peripheral connection to a PC	p. 21
1.6.2 High speed applications in large structures with optical fiber backbone	p. 22
1.6.3 High speed UWB in harsh indoor environment	p. 26
1.6.4 High speed UWB combined with other technologies	p. 27
1.7 Specialized UWB-OFDM applications	p. 28
1.7.1 Last mile radio applications	p. 28
1.7.2 Information and video streaming applications	p. 29
1.8 Typical applications of the Impulse Radio UWB, UWB-FH and UWB-FM	p. 30
1.8.1 Professional geo-localization	p. 30
1.8.2 Geolocalization for private individuals	p. 31
1.9 Impact on the antennas	p. 32
Chapter 2 Radiation Characteristics of Antennas	p. 33
2.1 Introduction	p. 33
2.1.1 What is an antenna and how can we define it?	p. 36
2.1.2 Where does antenna radiation come from?	p. 37
2.2 How can we characterize an antenna?	p. 37
2.2.1 Plane wave and polarization	p. 38
2.3 Radiation fields and radiation power	p. 40
2.3.1 Radiation fields	p. 40
2.3.2 Radiation power	p. 41
2.3.3 The radiation pattern, the phase center	p. 41
2.3.4 Directive gain, directivity	p. 43
2.3.5 Radiation impedance and radiation resistance	p. 46
2.4 Gain, efficiency and effective aperture	p. 47
2.4.1 Gain and efficiency	p. 47
2.4.2 Receive antenna effective aperture	p. 48
2.5 Budget link, transfer function	p. 49
2.6 Equivalent circuits of the antennas	p. 51
2.7 Bandwidth	p. 52
2.8 Example of characterization: the triangular probe antenna in F	p. 52
2.8.1 Description of the structure	p. 53
2.8.2 Impedance matching	p. 53
2.8.3 Radiation patterns	p. 54
2.8.4 Optimization of the antenna	p. 58
Chapter 3 Representation, Characterization and Modeling of Ultra Wide Band Antennas	p. 61
3.1 Introduction	p. 61
3.2 Specificities of UWB antennas: stakes and representation	p. 62
3.2.1 Context and requirements of an effective and complete representation	p. 63
3.2.2 Transfer function in transmission	p. 64
3.2.3 Transfer function in reception, reciprocity	p. 71
3.2.4 Transfer function and "conventional" quantities	p. 75
3.2.5 Elements on the measurement of transfer functions in the frequency domain	p. 76
3.3 Temporal behavior, distortion	p. 77
3.4 Distortion and ideality	p. 80
3.5 Performance characterization: synthetic indicators	p. 82
3.5.1 Energy gain and mean realized gain (MRG)	p. 83
3.5.2 Synthetic indicators of distortion	p. 86
3.6 Parsimonious representation by development of singularities and spherical modes	p. 95
3.6.1 The singularity expansion method	p. 95
3.6.2 Spherical mode expansion method (SMEM)	p. 98
3.6.3 Parametric model with very high order reduction	p. 102
3.6.4 Examples of processing of measured ATF	p. 103
Chapter 4 Experimental Characterization of UWB Antennas	p. 113
4.1 Introduction	p. 113
4.2 Measurements of the characteristics of radiation	p. 114
4.2.1 Basic concepts	p. 114
4.2.2 Frequency methods	p. 117
4.2.3 Time domain method	p. 127
4.3 Measurements of the electric characteristics	p. 156
4.3.1 Preamble	p. 156
4.3.2 Frequency domain measurements	p. 157
4.3.3 Time domain measurements	p. 159
Chapter 5 Overview of UWB Antennas	p. 163
5.1 Classification of UWB antennas	p. 163
5.2 Frequency independent antennas	p. 164
5.2.1 Equiangular antennas	p. 164
5.2.2 Log-periodic antennas	p. 170
5.2.3 Techniques of frequency-independent antennas performance improvement	p. 176
5.3 Elementary antennas	p. 177
5.3.1 The biconical antenna	p. 177
5.3.2 The discone antenna	p. 179
5.3.3 The bowtie antenna	p. 180
5.3.4 Planar monopoles antennas	p. 181
5.3.5 Performance improvement techniques of elementary UWB antennas	p. 190
5.3.6 Directive elementary antennas	p. 195
5.3.7 Antennas with progressive transition	p. 196
5.3.8 Horn antennas	p. 201
5.4 Miniaturization of UWB antennas	p. 202
5.4.1 General principles of antenna miniaturization	p. 202
5.4.2 Miniaturization problems of UWB antennas	p. 203
5.4.3 Miniaturization techniques applicable to UWB antennas	p. 204
5.5 UWB antennas for surface penetrating radars	p. 206
5.5.1 Presentation of SPR UWB technologies	p. 206
5.5.2 Design of antennas for SPR radars	p. 207
Chapter 6 Antenna-Channel Joint Effects in UWB	p. 213
6.1 Introduction	p. 213
6.2 Recalls on the UWB radio channel	p. 214
6.3 Impact of the channel on the performance of UWB systems	p. 218
6.4 Effective antenna performance in an ideal channel	p. 220
6.4.1 Introduction	p. 220
6.4.2 Radiation patterns for various architectures	p. 221
6.5 Effective performance of non-directional antennas in dispersive channels	p. 225
6.5.1 Gain calculation for non-ideal antennas	p. 225
6.5.2 Results on measured channels	p. 231
6.6 Effective performance of directional antennas in dispersive channels	p. 233
6.7 Factorization of antenna patterns	p. 235
6.8 Conclusion	p. 237
Appendices	p. 239
Appendix A Reciprocity of the Antennas in Reception and Transmission Modes	p. 241
A.1 Reciprocity applied to waveguides	p. 243
A.2 Reciprocity applied to the passive antennas in transmission and reception	p. 245
Appendix B Method of the Stationary Phase	p. 253
Acronyms and Abbreviations	p. 255
Bibliography	p. 259
List of Authors	p. 273
Index	p. 275

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