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Summary
Summary
Business Models for Renewable Energy in the Built Environment provides insight to policy makers and market actors as to the ways that new and innovative business models (and/or policy measures) can stimulate the deployment of renewable energy technologies (RET) and energy efficiency (EE) measures in this field.
This project was initiated and funded by the IEA Implementing Agreement for Renewable Energy Technology Deployment (IEA-RETD). It analyses ten business models in three categories, covering different types of energy service companies (ESCO's).
Included:
developing properties certified with a 'green' building label building owners profiting from rent increases after EE measures property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing on-bill financing leasing of RET equipment.Coverage extends to the organisational and financial structure of the models and the existing market and policy context, plus analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT).
The book concludes with recommendations for policy makers and other market actors on how to encourage and accelerate built environment renewable energy technologies.
Table of Contents
List of illustrations | p. vii |
Acknowledgements | p. xi |
Summary | p. xiii |
1 Introduction: RET in the built environment | p. 1 |
Background | p. 1 |
Scope of the report | p. 2 |
Reading guide and methodology | p. 7 |
Notes | p. 10 |
2 Overcoming barriers for the deployment of renewable energy technologies (RET) in the built environment | p. 11 |
Current barriers | p. 11 |
Barriers from a business case perspective | p. 15 |
Notes | p. 19 |
3 Business models for an increased deployment of RET in the built environment | p. 20 |
Categorising business models | p. 20 |
Product service system business models | p. 22 |
Business models based on new revenue models | p. 22 |
Business models based on new financing schemes | p. 24 |
4 Analysis of business models | p. 25 |
Product service systems: energy contracting (ESCO or energy efficiency services) | p. 25 |
Business models based on new revenue models | p. 47 |
Business models based on new financing schemes | p. 71 |
Notes | p. 100 |
5 Synthesis: business models, barriers, market segments and actors | p. 103 |
Which barriers are addressed by business models? | p. 103 |
In which market segments can the business models be applied? | p. 108 |
Who are the actors involved in the business models? | p. 111 |
Conclusion and further considerations | p. 113 |
Notes | p. 122 |
6 Recommendations for policy makers and market actors | p. 123 |
Recommendations for policy makers | p. 123 |
Recommendations for building owners | p. 129 |
Recommendations for other market actors | p. 130 |
Appendix A Case studies | p. 131 |
A.1 LIG, Austria - integrated energy contracting pilots | p. 131 |
A.2 Berkeley FIRST - the first PACE financing programme | p. 134 |
A.3 Financing commercial building retrofits with the help of an environmental upgrade charge in Melbourne | p. 135 |
A.4 PROSOL: supporting market growth of solar water heating in Tunisia | p. 136 |
A.5 Greenchoice: solar supply contracting in the Netherlands | p. 139 |
A.6 Adaptation of the rental price evaluation system in the Netherlands | p. 140 |
A.7 Market introduction of small and micro-OTP systems | p. 142 |
A.8 Leasing of a heat pump system | p. 144 |
A.9 Energy supplier obligations in the UK | p. 145 |
A.10 Power Smart Residential Loan programme of Manitoba Hydro, Canada | p. 149 |
A.11 LEED certification | p. 150 |
A.12 Berlin Energy Saving Partnership | p. 153 |
Notes | p. 155 |
References | p. 157 |
Index | p. 167 |