Geospatial services and applications for the internet

The use of geospatial technologies has become ubiquitous since the leading Internet vendors delivered a number of popular map websites. Today, businesses are either migrating location-specific capabilities into their information systems, or expanding existing Geospatial Information Systems (GIS) implementation into enterprise-wide solutions. As enterprise information systems evolve toward service-oriented architecture (SOA), geospatial technologies also evolve along the same lines.

Geospatial Services and Applications for the Internet covers a wide spectrum of techniques, algorithms and modeling methodologies that address the challenges in service-oriented architectural design for GIS, and intelligent processing for spatial queries. This book presents in-depth studies on performance improvement, data integration, service personalization and interoperation between geospatial services. These studies provide the reader with a wide spectrum of examples and case studies on the development of GIS for hydrological applications, electrical power supply applications, land usage and urban planning, and NASA's Earth image datasets dissemination.

Geospatial Services and Applications for the Internet is designed for a professional audience composed of practitioners and researchers in industry. This book is also suitable as a secondary text book or reference for advanced-level students in computer science and geosciences.

List of Figures	p. IX
List of Tables	p. XIII
Preface	p. XV
Chapter 1 Hierarchical Infrastructure for Internet Mapping Services	p. 1
1 Introduction	p. 2
2 Internet Mapping Services	p. 3
3 Direct Server Access	p. 4
3.1 Pure Client-Server Design	p. 4
3.2 Memory-Based Caching in the Client	p. 5
3.3 Internal Spatial Data Structures	p. 6
4 Utilizing Auxiliary Servers	p. 8
4.1 Static Proxy	p. 8
4.2 Dynamic Proxy	p. 10
4.3 Implementation Details	p. 10
5 Building Combined Solutions	p. 13
5.1 Modular Design and Chaining	p. 13
6 Evaluation	p. 15
6.1 Comparison with Raster-Based Visualization	p. 16
6.2 Typical Usage Scenarios	p. 17
6.3 Performance Comparisons for Deployments Utilizing Auxiliary Servers	p. 25
6.4 Comparison with the Tile Method	p. 26
7 Conclusions and Future Research	p. 28
References	p. 29
Chapter 2 Case Study: Geospatial Processing Services for Web-based Hydrological Applications	p. 31
1 Introduction	p. 31
2 Hydrological Models	p. 33
3 Overview of Available Geospatial Services and Applications for Hydrological Models	p. 33
4 System Architecture and Software Components of the Geoportal Application	p. 36
5 Geospatial processing services	p. 40
6 Conclusions and lessons learnt	p. 43
References	p. 46
Chapter 3 An Application Framework for Rapid Development for Web-based GIS: GinisWeb	p. 49
1 Introduction	p. 50
2 Architecture of overall Web GIS	p. 52
2.1 Use-case model of the overall system	p. 52
2.2 Non-functional requirements	p. 53
2.3 Functions and structure of Ginis Web GIS application	p. 54
2.4 Structure of Web-enabled GIS node	p. 55
2.5 Development model of the GinisWeb framework	p. 56
3 GinisWeb model of a geoinformation system	p. 57
4 Structure and basic elements of XML language GADL	p. 63
5 Case study: A Web GIS for an electric power supply company	p. 68
6 Conclusion	p. 69
References	p. 71
Chapter 4 Geospatial Web Services: Bridging the Gap Between OGC and Web Services	p. 73
1 Introduction	p. 74
1.1 Related Work	p. 74
1.2 OGC Services	p. 75
1.3 Web Services	p. 76
2 Interoperability	p. 77
3 Implementation Issues to Consider	p. 78
3.1 OGC to Web Services	p. 78
3.2 Data Handling	p. 79
3.3 Functional Mapping	p. 83
3.4 Metadata	p. 85
4 W3C to OGC	p. 88
4.1 Service Specific Implementations	p. 90
4.2 Driver-Based Mapping	p. 91
5 Conclusion	p. 91
References	p. 92
Chapter 5 The Design, Implementation and Operation of the JPL OnEarth WMS Server	p. 95
1 OnEarth Design	p. 97
2 OnEarth WMS Server	p. 99
3 Pre-Tiled WMS and KML	p. 103
4 KML - WMS harmonization	p. 106
5 Image Access Layer	p. 106
5.1 Storage file format	p. 107
5.2 Virtual Image Server	p. 108
5.3 Composite image reader	p. 110
6 Concluding remarks	p. 110
Chapter 6 Data Integration for Querying Geospatial Sources	p. 113
1 Introduction	p. 114
2 Data Heterogeneities	p. 115
3 Ontology Creation	p. 117
4 Ontology Alignment	p. 118
5 Query Processing	p. 124
6 User Interfaces	p. 130
6.1 Visual Ontology Alignment	p. 130
6.2 Web-based Query Interface	p. 131
7 Related Work	p. 132
8 Conclusions	p. 134
References	p. 135
Chapter 7 Translating Vernacular Terms into Geographical Locations	p. 139
1 Introduction	p. 139
2 Background	p. 141
2.1 Geographical Gazetteers	p. 142
2.2 Related Approaches	p. 143
3 Statistical Text-Mining Approach	p. 145
4 Experimental implementation	p. 148
4.1 Text-Mining Software Framework	p. 149
4.2 Knowledge Set Persistence	p. 152
4.3 Application Integration	p. 152
4.4 Experimental results	p. 154
5 Concluding Remarks	p. 154
References	p. 156
Chapter 8 Personalizing Location-Aware Applications	p. 159
1 Introduction	p. 160
2 Literature Review	p. 161
2.1 Implicit interest indicators	p. 162
2.2 User Modeling	p. 164
2.3 Personalization	p. 165
2.4 Privacy	p. 166
3 Approach	p. 166
3.1 Experimental Evaluation	p. 168
4 System Implementation	p. 170
5 Target Market Personalization	p. 171
5.1 Group Contexts	p. 172
6 Dataset Dependency	p. 173
7 Future Work	p. 175
References	p. 175

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