Dennis M. BushnellFrank K. Lu and Dan E. MarrenR. S. M. Chue and C.-Y. Tsai and R. J. Bakos and J. I. Erdos and R. C. RogersM. S. Holden and R. A. ParkerV. I. Lapygin and I. V. Ershov and S. S. Semenov and E. I. RuzavinHerbert Olivier and Jiang Zonglin and Hongru R. Yu and Frank K. LuKlaus Hannemann and Walter H. BeckKatsuhiro ItohVitaly V. KislykhD. M. Smith and E. J. Felderman and F. L. Shope and J. A. BalboniG. Russo and F. De Filippis and S. Borrelli and M. Marini and S. CaristiaS. J. Rigney and G. D. GarrardAli Gulhan and Burkard EsserJeffrey S. Hodge and Stephen F. HarvinMark R. Woike and Brian P. WillisA. Masson and Ph. Sagnier and A. K. MohamedDan Marren and John LaffertyNeil BosmajianDavid W. Minto and Neil BosmajianLarry Campbell, Sr.J. T. BestA. M. Kharitonov and V. I. Zvegintsev and V. M. Fomin and M. E. Topchian and A. A. Meshcheriakov and V. I. Pinakov

Preface	p. xix
Chapter 1 Hypersonic Ground Test Requirements	p. 1
I. Introduction	p. 1
II. History, Status, and Outlook for Hypersonic Test Requirements	p. 2
III. Potential Civilian Hypersonic Test Requirements Futures	p. 4
IV. Military Hypersonic Test Requirements Futures	p. 11
V. Conclusion	p. 13
References	p. 13
Chapter 2 Principles of Hypersonic Test Facility Development	p. 17
I. Introduction	p. 17
II. Critical Hypersonic Technologies	p. 18
III. Hypersonic Scaling	p. 20
IV. High Enthalpy and High Speed	p. 21
V. Types of Hypersonic Facilities	p. 24
VI. Conclusions	p. 26
Acknowledgments	p. 27
References	p. 27
Chapter 3 NASA's HYPULSE Facility at GASL--A Dual Mode, Dual Driver Reflected-Shock/Expansion Tunnel	p. 29
I. Introduction	p. 29
II. Shock Tunnels and Expansion Tubes	p. 32
III. Driver Methods	p. 36
IV. Operation and Performance of HYPULSE	p. 42
V. Driver Gas Contamination in Detonation-Driven RST Mode	p. 51
VI. Nozzle Design for Expansion Tunnel Mode Operation	p. 61
VII. Concluding Remarks	p. 68
Acknowledgments	p. 69
References	p. 69
Chapter 4 LENS Hypervelocity Tunnels and Application to Vehicle Testing at Duplicated Flight Conditions	p. 73
I. Introduction	p. 73
II. Ground Test Simulation of Hypersonic Flight Performance	p. 74
III. Design, Operation, and Performance of the LENS I and LENS II Hypervelocity Ground Test Facilities	p. 80
IV. Facility Validation	p. 86
V. Application of Test Facility and Instrumentation to Hypersonic Vehicle Testing	p. 90
VI. Measurements of Jet Interaction Resulting from Divert Thruster Operation	p. 100
VII. Studies of Scramjet Performance	p. 104
VIII. Conclusion	p. 107
References	p. 109
Chapter 5 The U-12 Large Shock Tube	p. 111
I. Introduction	p. 111
II. Description of the U-12 Shock Tube	p. 112
III. Operation Regimes	p. 114
IV. Aerodynamic Investigations	p. 118
V. Measurements of Forces and Moments on Flight Vehicle Models	p. 123
VI. Investigation of Nonequilibrium Processes Behind Shockwave Front in Earth and Planetary Atmospheres	p. 124
VII. Radio-Physical Investigations at U-12 Facility	p. 128
VIII. Ballistic Regime of U-12 Shock Tube Operation	p. 130
IX. Conclusions	p. 133
References	p. 133
Chapter 6 Detonation-Driven Shock Tubes and Tunnels	p. 135
I. Introduction	p. 135
II. Gasdynamic Fundamentals of the Detonation Process	p. 137
III. Operating Principle Detonation Drivers	p. 141
IV. The Detonation-Driven Shock Tunnel TH2-D	p. 144
V. The JF-10 Detonation-Driven, High-Enthalpy Shock Tunnel	p. 162
VI. The UTA High-Performance Shock Tube	p. 182
VII. Performance of Detonation-Driven Facilities	p. 195
VIII. Conclusions	p. 200
References	p. 200
Chapter 7 Aerothermodynamics Research in the DLR High Enthalpy Shock Tunnel HEG	p. 205
I. Introduction	p. 205
II. The HEG Facility	p. 207
III. Measurement Techniques	p. 209
IV. The Numerical Solver CEVCATS-N	p. 211
V. Nozzle Flow and Freestream	p. 213
VI. Flow Past a Circular Cylinder	p. 219
VII. Delay of Driver Gas Contamination	p. 224
VIII. Current Work	p. 229
IX. Summary and Conclusions	p. 233
Acknowledgments	p. 234
References	p. 234
Chapter 8 Characteristics of the HIEST and its Applicability for Hypersonic Aerothermodynamic and Scramjet Research	p. 239
I. Introduction	p. 239
II. Description, General Performance, and Limitations of the HIEST	p. 240
III. HOPE Aerodynamic Test	p. 246
IV. Surface Catalytic Effect on Heat Flux	p. 247
V. Scramjet	p. 249
VI. Conclusions	p. 252
References	p. 253
Chapter 9 Piston Gasdynamic Units with Multicascade Compression	p. 255
I. Introduction	p. 255
II. The Multicascade Compression PGU Complex	p. 261
III. The Multicascade Compression Method	p. 263
IV. Methods for Simulating the Main External Hypersonic Flow	p. 266
V. Simulation of Engine Jets Effect on Aft Elements of Launchers for Space Transportation System	p. 269
VI. Supersonic Combustion Tests in the PGU	p. 271
VII. Conclusion	p. 274
Acknowledgments	p. 275
References	p. 275
Chapter 10 Arc-Heated Facilities	p. 279
I. Introduction	p. 279
II. Arc Heaters and Hypersonic Testing	p. 280
III. DoD and NASA Arc Facility Overview	p. 290
IV. Arc Heater Technology Topics Update	p. 298
V. Summary	p. 310
Acknowledgments	p. 311
References	p. 311
Chapter 11 The SCIROCCO 70-MW Plasma Wind Tunnel: A New Hypersonic Capability	p. 315
I. Introduction	p. 315
II. The Facility	p. 317
III. The Hypersonic Challenge: Future and Potential Applications	p. 325
IV. SCIROCCO Evolution	p. 344
V. Conclusions	p. 349
References	p. 349
Chapter 12 Aerodynamic and Propulsion Test Unit	p. 353
I. Introduction	p. 353
II. General Hypersonic Aeropropulsion System Testing Future Requirements	p. 355
III. APTU Description	p. 357
IV. Planned Mid- and Far-Term Incremental APTU Test Capability Upgrades	p. 362
V. APTU Technology Topics Update	p. 363
VI. Summary	p. 372
Acknowledgment	p. 373
References	p. 373
Chapter 13 Arc-Heated Facilities as a Tool to Study Aerothermodynamic Problems of Reentry Vehicles	p. 375
Nomenclature	p. 375
I. Introduction	p. 375
II. Experimental Facility and Measurement Techniques	p. 377
III. Flow Characterization	p. 381
IV. Experiments on Local Aerothermodynamics	p. 384
V. Characterization and Qualification of TPS Components	p. 390
VI. Qualification of Flight Sensors at Reentry Conditions	p. 394
VII. Concluding Remarks	p. 400
Acknowledgments	p. 402
References	p. 402
Chapter 14 The NASA Langley Research Center 8-ft High Temperature Tunnel	p. 405
I. Introduction	p. 405
II. Facility Description	p. 407
III. Test Capabilities	p. 418
IV. Operations	p. 422
V. Summary	p. 424
References	p. 425
Chapter 15 NASA Glenn Research Center's Hypersonic Tunnel Facility	p. 427
I. Introduction	p. 427
II. Facility History	p. 428
III. Facility Description	p. 429
IV. Typical Facility Operation	p. 437
V. Unique Value and Testing Capability	p. 438
VI. Summary and Conclusions	p. 439
References	p. 439
Chapter 16 The ONERA F4 High-Enthalpy Wind Tunnel	p. 441
I. Introduction	p. 441
II. Principle and Description of F4 Facility	p. 443
III. Adjustment and Calibration	p. 449
IV. Typical Model Tests	p. 459
V. Conclusion and Future Prospects	p. 465
References	p. 465
Chapter 17 The AEDC Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel 9	p. 467
I. Introduction	p. 467
II. Tunnel 9 Facility Description	p. 468
III. Conclusion	p. 477
References	p. 477
Chapter 18 A Hypersonic Ground-Test Facility Using Magnetic Levitation and Electromagnetic Propulsion	p. 479
I. Introduction	p. 479
II. Background	p. 480
III. Overview	p. 481
IV. Facility Concept	p. 484
V. System Requirements	p. 486
VI. Test Techniques	p. 488
VII. Issues	p. 492
VIII. Leveraging Technology Programs	p. 493
IX. Future Efforts	p. 494
X. Summary	p. 495
References	p. 496
Chapter 19 Hypersonic Test Capabilities at the Holloman High-Speed Test Track	p. 499
I. Introduction	p. 499
II. HHSTT Hypersonic Upgrade Program	p. 502
III. HHSTT Hypersonic Capabilities	p. 505
IV. MagLev Test Track Development	p. 510
V. Conclusion	p. 529
Acknowledgment	p. 529
References	p. 529
Chapter 20 Increased Launching Capabilities at AEDC's Range/Track G	p. 531
I. Introduction	p. 531
II. Development of the 8-in. Launcher	p. 532
III. Development of the 4-in. Launcher	p. 538
IV. Technology Overview for 10 km/s	p. 542
V. Conclusion	p. 553
References	p. 554
Chapter 21 A New Mach 8-15 True Temperature Test Facility Concept	p. 555
I. Introduction and Background	p. 555
II. RDHWT/MARIAH II Program	p. 558
III. Assessment of Test Needs	p. 558
IV. RDHWT/MARIAH II Facility Concept Development Program Overview	p. 563
V. Conclusions	p. 581
Acknowledgments	p. 581
References	p. 582
Chapter 22 New-Generation Hypersonic Adiabatic Compression Facilities with Pressure Multipliers	p. 585
I. Introduction	p. 585
II. Simulation of Hypersonic Flows in Existing Wind Tunnels	p. 587
III. Advantages of Using High Pressures	p. 594
IV. Our Concept	p. 595
V. Hypersonic Gasdynamic Facility of Adiabatic Compression A-1	p. 597
VI. Choice of the Layout, Construction, and Operation of the Stage of Preliminary Compression	p. 597
VII. Operation Principle of A-1	p. 600
VIII. High-Pressure Unit	p. 601
IX. Test Results and Use	p. 605
X. Adiabatic Compression Hypersonic Wind Tunnel AT-303	p. 607
XI. Control of the System and Measurement Equipment of AT-303	p. 609
XII. Range of Parameters	p. 609
XIII. Non-Uniformity of the Velocity Field in the Region of Model Location	p. 613
XIV. Conclusions	p. 615
References	p. 616