Adaptive array measurements in communications

Title:

Personal Author:

Halim, M. A.

Publication Information:

Boston : Artech House, 2001

ISBN:

9781580532785

Subject Term:

Adaptive antennas

Antenna arrays

Radio -- Interference

Wireless communication systems

Available:*

Library	Item Barcode	Call Number	Material Type	Item Category 1	Status
Searching... PSZ JB	30000010017965	TK7871.67.A33 H35 2001	Open Access Book	Book	Searching... Unknown

One of the most damaging factors associated with any radio communication system is the effect of undesirable or interference signals. This book gives you the knowledge you need to ensure your adaptive array system is protecting your communication links to the fullest. It presents concepts and procedures that help you realize the maximum processing capabilities of a given system, choose the right system for a specific application, and identify precautionary steps to avoid adverse effects.

Author Notes

M.A. Halim holds a M.Sc. Tech in electrical engineering from the University of Sheffield, England and a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Technological University of Delft, Holland.

Halim is senior RF engineer at SR Telecom in Kanata, Ontario.

050

Preface	p. xiii
Introduction	p. xv
1 Fundamental Concepts	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
1.1 Conceptual Representation of Adaptive Arrays	p. 1
1.2 The Linear Array	p. 2
1.2.1 Structure and Behavior of a Linear Array	p. 3
1.2.2 Array Radiation Formulas and Patterns	p. 5
1.3 The Beam Former	p. 10
1.3.1 The Definition and Function of a Beam Former	p. 11
1.3.2 Characteristics of Orthogonal Beam Formers	p. 11
1.3.3 Separation of Desired and Undesired Signals	p. 12
1.3.4 Measurement of Array Radiation Patterns	p. 14
1.4 The Signals	p. 16
1.4.1 Distribution of Signal Sources and Signals	p. 16
1.4.2 System with Two Transmitting Signal Sources	p. 17
1.5 Signal Processing Network	p. 19
1.5.1 Removal of Interference Signals by the Signal Processing Network	p. 19
1.5.2 Final Output Signal	p. 20
1.5.3 Final Output Power	p. 20
1.5.4 Cancellation of the Interference Signal	p. 22
1.6 Adaptive Signal Processing	p. 26
Reference	p. 27
2 Simplified Analysis	p. 29
Introduction	p. 29
2.1 The Signals	p. 30
2.1.1 Signals at the Input and Output Ports of a Beam Former	p. 30
2.1.2 Space Transfer Functions	p. 31
2.1.3 Signals at the Input Ports of the Beam Former	p. 33
2.1.4 Beam Former Transfer Functions	p. 33
2.1.5 Signals at the Beam Former Output Ports	p. 34
2.1.6 Signals at the Input Ports of the Signal Processing Network	p. 37
2.2 Two-Source, Two-Output System	p. 38
2.2.1 The Signals	p. 38
2.2.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 39
2.2.3 Final Output Power	p. 45
2.2.4 Cancellation of Interference Signal and the Null Depth	p. 46
2.3 Two-Source, Three-Output System	p. 50
2.3.1 The Signals	p. 50
2.3.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 52
2.3.3 Final Output Power	p. 59
2.3.4 Null Depth	p. 59
2.4 Two-Source, Multioutput System	p. 63
2.4.1 The Signals	p. 63
2.4.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 65
2.4.3 Final Output Power	p. 71
2.4.4 Alternate Method for Estimating the Null Depth	p. 72
2.5 Three-Source, Two-Output System	p. 73
2.5.1 The Signals	p. 73
2.5.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 75
2.5.3 Final Output Power	p. 78
2.5.4 Null Depth	p. 80
2.6 Three-Source, Three-Output System	p. 81
2.6.1 The Signals	p. 81
2.6.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 83
2.6.3 Final Output Power	p. 87
2.6.4 Null Depth	p. 88
2.7 Multisource, Two-Output System	p. 90
2.7.1 The Signals	p. 90
2.7.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 92
2.7.3 Final Output Power	p. 95
2.7.4 Null Depth	p. 97
2.8 Multisource, Multioutput System	p. 97
2.8.1 The Signals	p. 98
2.8.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 100
2.8.3 General Expression for Null Depth	p. 103
2.8.4 Alternate Expressions for Null Depth	p. 107
2.8.5 The Tradeoff	p. 108
2.8.6 Number of Undesired Signals and the Active Output Ports	p. 108
2.9 Leakage of the Desired Signal into the AUX Ports	p. 109
2.9.1 The Leakage	p. 109
2.9.2 The Signals	p. 109
2.9.3 Signal Processing Network	p. 110
2.9.4 Final Output Power	p. 113
2.9.5 Null Depth	p. 114
2.9.6 Minimization of Leakage of the Desired Signal into an AUX Port	p. 116
2.10 Effect of Offset Voltage on System Performance	p. 117
2.10.1 Offset Voltage	p. 118
2.10.2 The Signals	p. 118
2.10.3 Signal Processing Network	p. 120
2.10.4 Final Output Power	p. 123
2.10.5 Null Depth	p. 124
2.10.6 Feedback Loop with Phase Detector	p. 126
2.11 Effect of Space Noise on System Performance	p. 126
2.11.1 The Noise	p. 126
2.11.2 The Signals	p. 126
2.11.3 Signal Processing Network	p. 129
2.11.4 Final Output Power	p. 131
2.11.5 Null Depth	p. 133
2.11.6 Final Output Noise	p. 134
2.12 Feedback Loop	p. 136
2.12.1 Stability of the Feedback Loop	p. 136
2.12.2 Closed-Loop Transfer Function of a Feedback Loop	p. 137
2.12.3 Feedback Loop and the Convergence Time	p. 139
2.13 Examples of Practical Beam Formers	p. 153
2.13.1 The Signals	p. 153
2.13.2 Typical 4 x 4 Beam Former	p. 155
2.13.3 Typical 8 [times] 8 Beam Former	p. 160
2.13.4 Beam Formers with Real Signals	p. 162
2.14 Phase Shifters and Hybrids	p. 170
2.14.1 Introduction	p. 170
2.14.2 Phase Shifters	p. 170
2.14.3 180[degree] Hybrids	p. 187
References	p. 192
3 Basic Matrix Expressions	p. 193
Introduction	p. 193
3.1 The Signals	p. 194
3.1.1 Distribution of Signal Sources and Signals	p. 194
3.1.2 Space Transfer Functions	p. 194
3.1.3 Signals at the Beam Former Input Ports	p. 196
3.1.4 Beam Former Transfer Functions	p. 198
3.1.5 Signals at the Beam Former Output Ports	p. 199
3.2 Signal Processing Network	p. 200
3.2.1 Total Output Signal	p. 201
3.2.2 Total Output Power	p. 202
3.2.3 Cancellation of Interference Signals	p. 204
3.3 Modal Representation of Matrix Expressions	p. 206
3.3.1 Linear Expressions for Matrix Equations	p. 206
3.3.2 Modal Decomposition of the Matrix Expressions	p. 207
3.3.3 Steady-State Values of the Weighters in Modal Notation	p. 210
3.3.4 Feedback Loop	p. 214
3.4 Physical Significance of Eigenvalues	p. 215
3.4.1 Signal Matrix in Terms of Signal Powers and Eigenvalues	p. 216
3.4.2 Characteristics of the Transfer Function or Gain Matrix	p. 217
3.4.3 Relation Between Eigenvalues and Signal Powers	p. 221
References	p. 227
Appendix A Final Output Power for a Two-Source, Two-Output System	p. 229
Appendix B Final Output Power for a Two-Source, Three-Output System	p. 231
Appendix C Final Output Power for a Three-Source, Two-Output System	p. 235
Appendix D Final Output Power for a Three-Source, Three-Output System	p. 239
Appendix E Final Output Power for a Multisource, Two-Output System	p. 243
Appendix F Final Output Power in the Presence of Leakage	p. 249
Appendix G Final Output Power in the Presence of Offset Voltage	p. 251
Appendix H Final Output Power in the Presence of Space Noise	p. 253
Appendix I Basic Matrix Relations	p. 255
Appendix J Touchstone-Generated Phase Values for Cross-Coupled Transmission Lines	p. 259
Appendix K Derivation of the Input Signal in Figure 2.21	p. 295
About the Author	p. 297
Index	p. 299

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Table of Contents