Assistive technology : access for all students

This new book is organized around the theme of universal design and discusses how assistive technology can help educators meet the needs of individuals with disabilities. Based on the fieldrsquo;s most current research and latest laws and regulations, this book examines assistive technology for young children, high incidence disabilities, positioning and mobility, communication, sensory impairments, distance learning and more. Ethical standards of practice and multicultural issues are also considered throughout. The book addresses a variety of settings and discusses how assistive technology can be used not only in the school, but also in the home, community, work place and independent living environment.

Chapter 1 Assistive Technology: An Introduction and Overview	p. 2
Chapter View	p. 2
Chapter Focus	p. 2
Assisitive Technology Snapshot: Meet Ann Slovic, Paul Ramirez, Mary O'Donald, Yun Lee, and Catherine Wyatt	p. 3
Introduction to Assistive Technology	p. 4
Assistive Technology Defined	p. 4
Laws and Assistive Technology	p. 4
The Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals with Disabilities Act of 1988	p. 4
Telecommunications Act of 1996	p. 5
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act of 1998	p. 5
Assistive Technology Act of 1998	p. 6
Assistive Technology Act of 2004	p. 6
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975	p. 7
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990	p. 7
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1997	p. 8
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004	p. 8
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973	p. 9
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990	p. 9
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001	p. 9
The Assistive Technology Continuum	p. 10
No Tech	p. 10
Light Tech	p. 11
High Tech	p. 12
Funding for Assistive Technology	p. 12
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 14
Accessing the General Education Curriculum	p. 14
Universal Design for Learning	p. 16
Assistive Technology Spotlight: The AT Continuum	p. 20
Chapter Review	p. 21
References	p. 23
Chapter 2 Evaluating Assistive Technology for Classroom Use	p. 24
Chapter View	p. 24
Chapter Focus	p. 24
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Ernest Hill	p. 25
Collaborative Teaming	p. 26
Multidisciplinary Model	p. 26
Interdisciplinary Model	p. 26
Transdisciplinary Model	p. 26
The Individualized Education Program Team	p. 27
Roles of Individualized Education Program Members	p. 27
Team Participation and the Assessment Process	p. 30
Student and Teacher Support	p. 31
Problem Solving	p. 31
Assistive Technology Considerations	p. 32
Referral and Assessment for Assistive Technology	p. 34
Step 1 Referral for Assistive Technology Assessment	p. 34
Step 2 Conducting an Assistive Technology Assessment	p. 34
Step 3 The Individualized Education Program Team	p. 37
Step 4 Implementation of the Assistive Technology Device	p. 38
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 39
Examples of Assistive Technology Assessment	p. 40
Recommendations	p. 40
Assistive Technology Spotlight: Sample Referral Letter	p. 41
Chapter Review	p. 42
References	p. 43
Chapter 3 Assistive Technology for the Young Child	p. 44
Chapter View	p. 44
Chapter Focus	p. 44
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Becky Crawford	p. 45
Early Childhood Special Education	p. 46
Early Intervention and Assistive Technology	p. 46
Assistive Technology and the Individualized Family Service Plan	p. 47
Service Delivery	p. 48
Transition	p. 48
Preschool Special Education	p. 48
Assistive Technology and Service Delivery	p. 49
Planning for Assistive Technology	p. 49
Assistive Technology Funding Considerations	p. 52
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 53
Assistive Technology and Play	p. 53
Adapting Activities in the Environment	p. 53
Assistive Technology and Toys	p. 54
Assistive Technology and Literacy	p. 55
Assistive Technology and Developmental Domains	p. 57
Assistive Technology Spotlight: The FATTE (Family, Assistive Technology, Timeliness, Environment) Model	p. 58
Chapter Review	p. 58
References	p. 61
Chapter 4 Assistive Technology for Students with High-Incidence Disabilities	p. 62
Chapter View	p. 62
Chapter Focus	p. 62
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Mike Santos	p. 63
High-Incidence Disabilities Defined	p. 64
Mental Retardation	p. 64
Learning Disabilities	p. 64
Emotional Disturbance	p. 65
Students with Mild Disabilities	p. 65
Assistive Technology and Academics	p. 66
Gaining Information	p. 66
Expressing Information	p. 70
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 73
Mathematics and Assistive Technology	p. 73
Other Content Areas	p. 75
Assistive Technology and Organization	p. 76
Assistive Technology Spotlight: Assistive Technology Inclusion Tips	p. 76
Chapter Review	p. 77
References	p. 78
Chapter 5 Assistive Technology for Positioning and Mobility	p. 80
Chapter View	p. 80
Chapter Focus	p. 80
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Joan Rutherford	p. 81
Orthopedic Impairment	p. 82
Positioning for Access to the General Education Curriculum	p. 82
Alignment	p. 84
Adaptive Equipment	p. 84
Assistive Technology for Mobility	p. 85
Mobility Systems	p. 87
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 89
Peer Acceptance	p. 90
Assistive Technology Devices for Students with Physical Disabilities	p. 91
Physical Management Routines	p. 91
Proper Positioning	p. 92
Assistive Technology Spotlight: Wheelchair Etiquette	p. 93
Chapter Review	p. 93
References	p. 95
Chapter 6 Assistive Technology for Communication	p. 96
Chapter View	p. 96
Chapter Focus	p. 96
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Betty Taylor	p. 97
Communication	p. 98
Language	p. 99
Speech	p. 99
Communication Disorders	p. 100
Language Impairments	p. 100
Speech Impairments	p. 100
Augmentative and Alternative Communication	p. 102
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Defined	p. 102
Augmentative and Alternative Communication Choices	p. 102
Indications	p. 103
Implementations	p. 104
The Technology Continuum for Augmentative and Alternative Communication	p. 104
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 108
Preparation for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Use	p. 108
Assistive Technology and the Speech-Language Pathologist	p. 110
Assistive Technology Strategies for Language	p. 112
Assistive Technology Strategies for Speech	p. 112
Assistive Technology Strategies for Reading	p. 113
Assistive Technology Strategies for Writing	p. 114
Assistive Technology Spotlight: A Daily Schedule for a Student Communication Board	p. 115
Chapter Review	p. 116
References	p. 118
Chapter 7 Assistive Technology for Sensory Impairments	p. 120
Chapter View	p. 120
Chapter Focus	p. 120
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Kay Griggs	p. 121
Sensory Impairments	p. 123
Visual Impairments	p. 123
Hearing Impairments	p. 126
Deaf-Blindness	p. 127
Assistive Technology Devices for Sensory Impairments	p. 129
Assistive Technology Devices for Students with Visual Impairments	p. 129
Assistive Technology Devices for Students with Hearing Impairments	p. 134
Assistive Technology Devices for Students with Deaf-Blindness	p. 138
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 139
Age of Onset: Implications for Assistive Technology and Student Learning	p. 139
Assistive Technology for Learning for Students with Visual Impairments	p. 140
Assistive Technology for Learning for Students with Hearing Impairments	p. 141
Assistive Technology for Learning for Students with Deaf-Blindness	p. 142
Assistive Technology and Art Activities for Students with Sensory Impairments	p. 142
Assistive Technology Spotlight: Art and Students with Sensory Impairments	p. 143
Chapter Review	p. 144
References	p. 146
Chapter 8 Assistive Technology for Transition to the Adult World	p. 148
Chapter View	p. 148
Chapter Focus	p. 148
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Mary McClain	p. 149
Assistive Technology and Transition	p. 150
Transition Defined	p. 150
Barriers	p. 152
Assistive Technology and Transition to Postsecondary Education	p. 152
Preparing for the Postsecondary Environment	p. 152
Assistive Technology and Transition to Employment	p. 154
Guidelines for Transition to Employment	p. 156
Assistive Technology and Interpersonal Networks	p. 159
Social Skills	p. 159
Interpersonal Problem Solving	p. 160
Leisure and Recreation	p. 160
Assistive Technology and Daily Living	p. 161
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 161
Assistive Technology and Transition in the Elementary School	p. 162
Assistive Technology and Transition in the Middle School and Secondary School	p. 163
Assistive Technology Spotlight: Utilizing Assistive Technology to Meet Transition Goals	p. 167
Chapter Review	p. 167
References	p. 169
Chapter 9 Assistive Technology for Distance Learning	p. 172
Chapter View	p. 172
Chapter Focus	p. 172
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Jerome Durgin	p. 173
Distance Education	p. 174
Components of Distance Education	p. 174
Distance Teaching	p. 175
Real-Time Teaching	p. 175
Asynchronous Teaching	p. 177
Academic Development	p. 180
Web Development and Accessibility	p. 181
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 185
Newsletters	p. 185
Homework Hotlines	p. 185
E-Mail	p. 185
Assistive Technology Spotlight: Are Your Students Ready for Distance Learning?	p. 186
Chapter Review	p. 187
References	p. 188
Chapter 10 Assistive Technology and Ethical Standards of Practice	p. 190
Chapter View	p. 190
Chapter Focus	p. 190
Assistive Technology Snapshot: Meet Mr. Chunn	p. 191
Professional Ethics and Standards of Practice	p. 192
Ethics	p. 192
Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America	p. 193
The Council for Exceptional Children	p. 194
Professional Ethics and Special Education	p. 195
Professional Development	p. 196
Professional Publications	p. 196
Professional Organizations	p. 196
Planning for Professional Development	p. 197
Assistive Technology for Student Learning	p. 197
Confidentiality and Privacy Issues	p. 197
Assistive Technology Spotlight: Self-Assessment for Professional Development: How Do I Rate on the Top 10?	p. 198
Chapter Review	p. 198
References	p. 199
Author Index	p. 201
Subject Index	p. 203

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