John ZiebuhrLuis Enjuanes and Fernando Almazán and Isabel Sola and Sonia Zúñiga and Enrique Alvarez and Juan Reguera and Carmen CapiscolPinghua Liu and Jason J. Millership and Lichun Li and David P. Giedroc and Julian L. LeibowitzSonia Zúñiga and Isabel Sola and Jose L. Moreno and Sara Alonso and Luis EnjuanesNaina Barretto and Dalia Jukneliene and Kiira Ratia and Zhongbin Chen and Andrew D. Mesecar and Susan C. BakerBarbara Schelle and Nadja Karl and Burkhard Ludewig and Stuart G. Siddell and Volker ThielRajesh Ponnusamy and Jeroen R. Mesters and John Ziebuhr and Ralf Moll and Rolf HilgenfeldLance D. Eckerle and Sarah M. Brockway and Steven M. Sperry and Xiaotao Lu and Mark R. DenisonEric F. Donaldson and Amy C. Sims and Damon J. Deming and Ralph S. BaricRachel L. Graham and Amy C. Sims and Ralph S. Baric and Mark R. DenisonKay S. Faaberg and Jun Han and Yue WangCarmen Galán and Luis Enjuanes and Fernando AlmazánSnawar Hussain and Ji'an Pan and Jing Xu and Yalin Yang and Yu Chen and Yu Peng and Ying Wu and Zhaoyang Li and Ying Zhu and Po Tien and Deyin GuoXiao X. Wang and Ying Liao and Sek M. Wong and Ding X. LiuÁkos Putics and Jutta Slaby and Witold Filipowicz and Alexander E. Gorbalenya and John ZiebuhrYvonne Piotrowski and Lia van der Hoek and Krzysztof Pyrc and Ben Berkhout and Ralf Moll and Rolf HilgenfeldDamon J. Deming and Rachel L. Graham and Mark R. Denison and Ralph S. BaricHyojeung Kang and Min Feng and Meagan E. Schroeder and David P. Giedroc and Julian L. LeibowitzSoonjeon Youn and Ellen W. Collisson and Carolyn E. MachamerAndrew Pekosz and Scott R. Schaecher and Michael S. Diamond and Daved H. Fremont and Amy C. Sims and Ralph S. BaricQisheng Li and Han Xiao and James P. Tam and Ding X. LiuValerie Bednar and Sandhya Verma and Andrew Blount and Brenda G. HogueKelly-Anne Spencer and Julian A. HiscoxJohn Bechill and Zhongbin Chen and Joseph W. Brewer and Susan C. BakerChanghee Lee and Douglas C. Hodgins and Jay G. Calvert and Siao-Kun Wan Welch and Rika Jolie and Dongwan YooMatthew B. Frieman and Boyd Yount and Amy C. Sims and Damon J. Deming and Thomas E. Morrison and Jennifer Sparks and Mark Denison and Mark Heise and Ralph S. BaricYing Fang and Andrew Pekosz and Lia Haynes and Eric A. Nelson and Raymond R. R. RowlandTiana C. White and Brenda G. HoguePaul S. Masters and Lili Kuo and Rong Ye and Kelley R. Hurst and Cheri A. Koetzner and Bilan HsueAna Garzón and Ana M. Maestre and Jaime Pignatelli and M. Teresa Rejas and Dolores RodríguezBenjamin W. Neuman and Brian D. Adair and Craig Yoshioka and Joel D. Quispe and Ronald A. Milligan and Mark Yeager and Michael J. BuchmeierYe Ye and Brenda G. HogueCarolyn E. Machamer and Soonjeon YounYing Liao and James P. Tam and Ding X. LiuKlara K. Eriksson and Divine Makia and Reinhard Maier and Luisa Cervantes and Burkhard Ludewig and Volker ThielWenhui Li and Hyeryun Choe and Michael FarzanHeike Hofmann and Andrea Marzi and Thomas Gramberg and Martina Geier and Krzysztof Pyrc and Lia van der Hoek and Ben Berkhout and Stefan PöhlmannFang Li and Wenhui Li and Michael Farzan and Stephen C. HarrisonGraham Simmons and Andrew J. Rennekamp and Paul BatesVictor C. Chu and Lisa J. McElroy and Beverley E. Bauman and Gary R. WhittakerPeter L. Delputte and H. J. NauwynckShutoku Matsuyama and Makoto Ujike and Koji Ishii and Shuetsu Fukushi and Shigeru Morikawa and Masato Tashiro and Fumihiro TaguchiLaura Gillim-Ross and Lindsay K. Heller and Emily R. Olivieri and David E. WentworthScott A. Jeffers and Erin M. Hemmila and Kathryn V. HolmesChristel Schwegmann-Weβels and Xiaofeng Ren and Georg HerrlerEmily R. Olivieri and Lindsey K. Heller and Laura Gillim-Ross and David E. WentworthStefan Pöhlmann and Thomas Gramberg and Anja Wegele and Krzysztof Pyrc and Lia van der Hoek and Ben Berkhout and Heike HofmannM. K. Smith and Sonia Tusell and Emily A. Travanty and Ben Berkhout and Lia van der Hoek and Kathryn V. HolmesSonia M. Tusell and Kathryn V. HolmesShuetsu Fukushi and Tetsuya Mizutani and Masayuki Saijo and Shutoku Matsuyama and Fumihiro Taguchi and Ichiro Kurane and Shigeru MorikawaLisa A. Lopez and Ariel Jones and William D. Arndt and Brenda G. HogueWillie C. McRoy and Ralph S. BaricJoseph A. Boscarino and Jeffrey M. Goletz and Thomas M. GallagherVictor C. Chu and Lisa J. Mcelroy and A. Damon Ferguson and Beverley E. Bauman and Gary R. WhittakerJae-Hwan You and Mark L. Reed and Brian K. Dove and Julian A. HiscoxMegan W. Howard and Brian Tripet and Michael G. Jobling and Randall K. Holmes and Kathryn V. Holmes and Robert S. HodgesTetsuya Mizutani and Shuetsu Fukushi and Masayuki Saijo and Ichiro Kurane and Shigeru MorikawaKeiko Nakagaki and Kazuhide Nakagaki and Fumihiro TaguchiRie Watanabe and Kazumitsu Suzuki and Fumihiro TaguchiI-Chueh Huang and Berend Jan Bosch and Wenhui Li and Michael Farzan and Peter M. Rottier and Hyeryun ChoeCornelia C. Bergmann and Chandran Ramakrishna and J. M. Gonzales and S.I. Tschen and Stephan A. StohlmanTanya A. Miura and Jieru Wang and Robert J. Mason and Kathryn V. HolmesBrian K. Dove and Katrina Bicknell and Gavin Brooks and Sally Harrison and Julian A. HiscoxPaul Britton and Rosa Casais and Teri Hodgson and Marc Davis and Dave CavanaghKevin B. Walsh and Melissa B. Lodoen and Lewis L. Lanier and Thomas E. LaneNadine DeAlbuquerque and Ehtesham Baig and Max Xuezhong and Itay Shalev and M. James Phillips and Marlena Habal and Julian Leibowitz and Ian McGilvray and Jagdish Butany and Eleanor Fish and Gary LevyYin Liu and Xuming ZhangKatherine C. MacNamara and Susan R. WeissNorio Hirano and Hideharu Taira and Shigehiro Sato and Tsutomu Hashikawa and Koujiro TohyamaSusan C. Baker and Dalia Jukneliene and Anjan Purkayastha and Eric E. Snyder and Oswald R. Crasta and Michael J. Czar and Joao C. Setubal and Bruno W. SobralRenaud Burrer and Matthias G. von Herrath and Tom Wolfe and Julia D. Rempel and Antonio Iglesias and Michael J. BuchmeierMara Battilani and Ambra Foschi and Alessandra Scagliarini and Sara Ciulli and Santino Prosperi and Luigi MorgantiDongdong Yu and Xuming ZhangHaixia Zhou and Stanley PerlmanSonia Navas-Martín and Maarten Brom and Susan R. WeissHao Liu and Li Zhang and Myron Cybulsky and Reg Gorczynski and Jennifer Crookshank and Justin Manuel and David Grant and Gary LevyN. James MacLachlan and Udeni B. BalasuriyaSusan K. Schommer and Steven B. KleiboekerAndrei Musaji and Dominique Markine-Goriaynoff and Stéphanie Franquin and Gaëtan Thirion and Thao Le Thi Phuong and Jean-Paul CoutelierJun Han and Kelly M. Burkhart and Eric M. Vaughn and Michael B. Roof and Kay S. FaabergGerald Misinzo and Peter L. Delputte and Peter Meerts and Christa Drexler and Hans J. NauwynckLeo L. M. PoonAnjeanette Roberts and Kanta SubbaraoHélène Jacomy and Pierre J. TalbotHong Peng Jia and Dwight C. Look and Melissa Hickey and Lei Shi and Lecia Pewe and Jason Netland and Michael Farzan and Christine Wohlford-Lenane and Stanley Perlman and Paul B. McCray, Jr.Lia van der Hoek and Klaus Sure and Gabriele Ihorst and Alexander Stang and Krzysztof Pyrc and Maarten F. Jebbink and Gudula Petersen and Johannes Forster and Ben Berkhout and Klaus ÜberlaLecia Pewe and Haixia Zhou and Jason Netland and Chandra Tangadu and Heidi Olivares and Lei Shi and Dwight Look and Thomas Gallagher and Stanley PerlmanJulien R. St-Jean and Marc Desforges and Pierre J. TalbotEric C. Mossel and Bruno Sainz, Jr. and Robert F. Garry and C.J. PetersLindsay K. Heller and Laura Gillim-Ross and Emily R. Olivieri and David E. WentworthMarc Desforges and Tina Miletti and Mylène Gagnon and Pierre J. TalbotNoriyo Nagata and Naoko Iwata and Hideki Hasegawa and Yasuko Asahi-Ozaki and Yuko Sato and Ayako Harashima and Shigeru Morikawa|cMasayuki Saijo and Shigeyuki Itamura and Takehiko Saito and Takato Odagiri and Masato Tashiro and Yasushi Ami and Tetsutaro SataAya Zamoto and Fumihiro Taguchi and Shuetsu Fukushi and Shigeru Morikawa and Yasuko K. YamadaS.C. Baker and C. Shimizu and H. Shike and F. Garcia and L. van der Hoek and T.W. Kuijper and S.L. Reed and A.H. Rowley and S.T. Shulman and H.K.B. Talbot and J.V. Williams and J.C. BurnsHongqing Zhu and Yin Liu and Yingyun Cai and Dongdong Yu and Yinghui Pu and Laura Harmon and Xuming ZhangNoah Butler and Lecia Pewe and Kathryn Trandem and Stanley PerlmanAmy C. Sims and Boyd Yount and Susan E. Burkett and Ralph S. Baric and Raymond J. PicklesYuxian HeKaren E. Malone and Chandran Ramakrishna and J.-M. Gonzalez and Stephan A. Stohlman and Cornelia C. BergmannTimothy Sheahan and Damon Deming and Eric Donaldson and Raymond Pickles and Ralph BaricRalph S. Baric and Timothy Sheahan and Damon Deming and Eric Donaldson and Boyd Yount and Amy C. Sims and Rhonda S. Roberts and Matthew Frieman and Barry RockxMasaji Okada and Yuji Takemoto and Yoshinobu Okuno and Satomi Hashimoto and Yukari Fukunaga and Takao Tanaka and Yoko Kita and Sechiko Kuwayama and Yumiko Muraki and Noriko Kanamaru and Hiroko Takai and Chika Okada and Yayoi Sakaguchi and Izumi Furukawa and Kyoko Yamada and Miwa Izumiya and Shigeto Yoshida and Makoto Matsumoto and Tetsuo Kase and J.S.M. Peiris and Daphne E. deMello and Pei-Jer Chen and Naoki Yamamoto and Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka and Tatsuji Nomura and Isao Ishida and Shigeru Morikawa and Masato Tashiro and Mitsunori SakataniBenjamin W. Neuman and David A. Stein and Andrew D. Kroeker and Hong M. Richard and K. Bestwick and Patrick L. Iversen and Michael J. BuchmeierLauren Wilson and Peter Gage and Gary EwartFernando Almazán and Marta L. De Diego and Carmen Galán and Enrique Álvarez and Luis EnjuanesRolf Hilgenfeld and Kanchan Anand and Jeroen R. Mesters and Zihe Rao and Xu Shen and Hualiang Jiang and Jinzhi Tan and Koen H.G. VerschuerenKoji Ishii and Hideki Hasegawa and Noriyo Nagata and Tetsuya Mizutani and Shigeru Morikawa and Masato Tashiro and Tetsuro Suzuki and Fumihiro Taguchi and Toshitada Takemori and Tatsuo Miyamura and Yasuko Tsunetsugu-YokotaRhonda S. Roberts and Boyd L. Yount and Amy C. Sims and Susan Baker and Ralph S. BaricNorio Hirano and Takenori NakayamaYing Fang and Kay S. Faaberg and Raymond R.R. Rowland and J. Christopher-Hennings and Asit K. Pattnaik and Fernando Osorio and Eric A. NelsonElke Scandella and Klara K. Eriksson and Tobias Hertzig and Christian Drosten and Lili Chen and Chunshan Gui and Xiaomin Luo and Jianhua Shen and Xu Shen and Stuart G. Siddell and Burkhard Ludewig and Hualiang Jiang and Stephan Günther and Volker Thiel

I Viral RNA Synthesis
1.1 The Coronavirus Replicase: Insights into a Sophisticated Enzyme Machinery	p. 3
1.2 Biochemical Aspects of Coronavirus Replication	p. 13
1.3 A Previously Unrecognized UNR Stem-Loop Structurein the Coronavirus 5' Untranslated Region Plays a Functional Role in Replication	p. 25
1.4 Regulation of Coronavirus Transcription: Viral and Cellular Proteins Interacting with Transcription-Regulating Sequences	p. 31
1.5 Deubiquitinating Activity of the SARS-CoV Papain-Like Protease	p. 37
1.6 Nucleocapsid Protein Expression Facilitates Coronavirus Replication	p. 43
1.7 Non Structural Proteins 8 and 9 of Human Coronavirus 229E	p. 49
1.8 Effects of Mutagenesis of Murine Hepatitis Virus NSP1 and NSP14 on Replication in Culture	p. 55
1.9 Mutational Analysis of MHV-A59 Replicase Protein-NSP10	p. 61
1.10 The NSP2 Proteins of Mouse Hepatitis Virus and SARS Coronavirus are Dispensable for Viral Replication	p. 67
1.11 Molecular Dissection of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus Putative Nonstructural Protein 2	p. 73
1.12 Differential Role of N-Terminal Polyprotein Processing in Coronavirus Genome Replication and Minigenome Amplification	p. 79
1.13 Identification and Characterization of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Subgenomic RNAs	p. 85
1.14 Identification and Characterization of a Unique Ribosomal Frameshifting Signal in SARS-CoV ORF3A	p. 89
1.15 ADP-Ribose-1″-Phosphatase Activities of the Human Coronavirus 229E and SARS Coronavirus X Domains	p. 93
1.16 Nonstructural Proteins of Human Coronavirus NL63	p. 97
1.17 MHV-A59 ORF1A Replicase Protein NSP7-NSP10 Processing in Replication	p. 101
1.18 Stem-loop 1 in the 5' UTR of the SARS Coronaviruscan Substitute for its Counterpart in Mouse Hepatitis Virus	p. 105
1.19 Transcriptional Regulation of RNA3 of Infectious Bronchitis Virus	p. 109
II Protein Synthesis, Structure, and Processing
2.1 Structure, Expression, and Intracellular Localization of the SARS-CoV Accessory Proteins 7a and 7b	p. 115
2.2 Sumoylation of the Nucleocapsid Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus by Interaction with UBC9	p. 121
2.3 Importance of MHV-CoV A59 Nucleocapsid Protein COOH-Terminal Negative Charges	p. 127
2.4 Expression and Structural Analysis of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nucleoprotein	p. 133
2.5 Mouse Hepatitis Virus Infection Activates the IRE1/XBP1 Pathway of the Unfolded Protein Response	p. 139
2.6 The Nuclear Localization Signal of the PRRS Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Modulates Viral Replication in vitro and Antibody Response in vivo	p. 145
2.7 SARS Coronavirus Accessory ORFs Encode Luxury Functions	p. 149
2.8 Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Against the Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-COV	p. 153
2.9 Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Phosphorylation	p. 157
III Viral Assembly and Release
3.1 Genetic and Molecular Biological Analysis of Protein-Protein Interactions in Coronavirus Assembly	p. 163
3.2 New Insights on the Structure and Morphogenesis of Berne Virus	p. 175
3.3 Ultrastructure of SARS-CoV, FIPV, and MHV Revealed by Electron Cryomicroscopy	p. 181
3.4 Role of Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus Envelope Protein Transmembrane Domain	p. 187
3.5 The Transmembrane Domain of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus E Protein is Required for Efficient Virus Release	p. 193
3.6 Viroporin Activity of SARS-CoV E Protein	p. 199
3.7 Efficient Transduction of Dendritic Cells using Coronavirus-based Vectors	p. 203
IV Viral Entry
4.1 Insights from the Association of SARS-CoV S-Protein with its Receptor, ACE2	p. 209
4.2 Attachment Factor and Receptor Engagement of SARS Coronavirus and Human Coronavirus NL63	p. 219
4.3 Interactions between SARS Coronavirus and its Receptor	p. 229
4.4 Proteolysis of SARS-Associated Coronavirus Spikeglycoprotein	p. 235
4.5 Fluorescence Dequenching Assays of Coronavirus Fusion	p. 241
4.6 Porcine Arterivirus Entry in Macrophages: Heparan Sulfate - Mediated Attachment, Sialoadhesin-mediated Internalization, and a Cell-Specific Factor Mediating Virus Disassembly and Genome Release	p. 247
4.7 Enhancement of SARS-CoV Infection by Proteases	p. 253
4.8 Increased Viral Titers and Subtle Changes in Plaquemorphology upon Passage of SARS-CoV in Cells from Different Species	p. 259
4.9 Human Coronavirus 229E can use CD209L (L-sign) to Enter Cells	p. 265
4.10 Intracellular Transport of the S Proteins of Coronaviruses	p. 271
4.11 Analysis of SARS-CoV Receptor Activity of ACE2 Orthologs	p. 277
4.12 Interaction between the Spike Protein of Human Coronavirus NL63 and its Cellular Receptor ACE2	p. 281
4.13 Human Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a Receptor for Human Respiratory Coronavirus NL63	p. 285
4.14 Molecular Interactions of Group 1 Coronaviruses with Feline APN	p. 289
4.15 Pseudotyped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus for Functional Analysis of SARS Coronavirus Spike Protein	p. 293
4.16 Subcellular Localization of SARS-CoV Structural Proteins	p. 297
4.17 Spike Gene Determinants of Mouse Hepatitis Virus Host Range Expansion	p. 301
4.18 Virion-liposome Interactions Identify a Cholesterol-Independent Coronavirus Entry Stage	p. 305
4.19 Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Enters Cells via the Endocytic Pathway	p. 309
4.20 Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Nucleolus using Meta-Confocal Microscopy in Cells Expressing the Coronavirus Nucleoprotein	p. 313
4.21 Dissection of the Fusion Machine of SARS-Coronavirus	p. 319
4.22 Characterization of Persistent SARS-CoV Infection in Vero E6 Cells	p. 323
4.23 Receptor-independent Spread of a Neurotropic Murine Coronavirus MHV-JHMV in Mixed Neural Culture	p. 327
4.24 Receptor-Independent Infection of Mouse Hepatitis Virus: Analysis by Spinoculation	p. 331
4.25 SARS-CoV, but not HCoV-NL63, Utilizes Cathepsins to Infect Cells: Viral Entry	p. 335
V Pathogenesis of Non-human Coronaviruses
5.1 Coronavirus Immunity: From T Cells to B Cells	p. 341
5.2 Rat Coronavirus Infection of Primary Rat Alveolar Epithelial Cells	p. 351
5.3 Infectious Bronchitis Coronavirus Induces Cell-Cycle Perturbations	p. 357
5.4 Genes 3 and 5 of Infectious Bronchitis Virus are Accessory Protein Genes	p. 363
5.5 NKG2D Signaling and Host Defense after Mouse Hepatitisvirus Infection of the Central Nervous System	p. 369
5.6 Murine Hepatitis Virus Strain 1 as a Model for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS)	p. 373
5.7 Persistent Coronavirus Infection of Progenitor Oligodendrocytes	p. 379
5.8 CD8+ T-Cell Priming During a Central Nervous System Infection with Mouse Hepatitis Virus	p. 385
5.9 Antibody-mediated Virus Clearance from Neurons of Rats Infected with Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus	p. 391
5.10 Developing Bioinformatic Resources for Coronaviruses	p. 395
5.11 Autoantibodies Exacerbate the Severity of MHV-Induced Encephalitis	p. 399
5.12 Analysis of the N Protein in Feline Coronavirus Strains in Italy	p. 403
5.13 Differential Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Primary Mouse Astrocytes and Microglia by Coronavirus Infection	p. 407
5.14 Preferential Infection of Mature Dendritic Cells by the JHM Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus	p. 411
5.15 Role of the Replicase Gene of Murine Coronavirus JHM Strain in Hepatitis	p. 415
5.16 Identification of the Receptor for FGL2 and Implications for Susceptibility to Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV-3)-Induced Fulminant Hepatitis	p. 421
VI Pathogenesis of Arteriviruses and Toroviruses
6.1 Equine Viral Arteritis	p. 429
6.2 Use of a PRRSV Infectious Clone to Evaluate in Vitro Quasispecies Evolution	p. 435
6.3 Gamma-Interferon Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Lactate Dehydrogenase-Elevating Virus Infection	p. 439
6.4 Replication and Expression Analysis of PRRSV Defective RNA	p. 445
6.5 Efficacy of an Inactivated PRRSV Vaccine: Induction of Virus-Neutralizing Antibodies and Partial Virological Protection upon Challenge	p. 449
VII Pathogenesis of Human Coronaviruses
7.1 SARS and Other Coronaviruses in Humans and Animals	p. 457
7.2 Animal Models for SARS	p. 463
7.3 HCoV-OC43-Induced Apoptosis of Murine Neuronal Cells	p. 473
7.4 Infection of Human Airway Epithelia by SARS Coronavirus is Associated with ACE2 Expression and Localization	p. 479
7.5 Human Coronavirus NL63 Infection is Associated with Croup	p. 485
7.6 A SARS-CoV-Specific Protein Enhances Virulence of an Attenuated Strain of Mouse Hepatitis Virus	p. 493
7.7 Genetic Evolution of Human Coronavirus OC43 in Neural Cell Culture	p. 499
7.8 Synergistic Inhibition of SARS-Coronavirus Replication by Type I and Type II IFN	p. 503
7.9 Mustela Vison ACE2 Functions as a Receptor for SARS-Coronavirus	p. 507
7.10 HCoV-229E Infects and Activates Monocytes	p. 511
7.11 Pathological and Virological Analyses of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-associated Coronavirus Infections in Experimental Animals	p. 515
7.12 Identification of Ferret ACE2 and its Receptor Function for SARS-Coronavirus	p. 519
7.13 Human Coronavirus-NL63 Infection is not Associated with Acute Kawasaki Disease	p. 523
7.14 Toward the Development of an Infectious cDNA Clone of a Human Enteric Coronavirus	p. 527
7.15 HCoV-OC43-Induced Encephalitis is in Part Immune-Mediated	p. 531
7.16 SARS CoV Replication and Pathogenesis in Human Airway Airway Epithelial Cultures	p. 535
7.17 Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV: The Receptor-Binding Domain of S Protein is a Major Target of Neutralizing Antibodies	p. 539
7.18 Glia Expression of MHC During CNS Infection by Neurotropic Coronavirus	p. 543
7.19 Resurrection of an ""Extinct"" SARS-CoV Isolate GD03 from Late 2003	p. 547
VIII Vaccines, Antiviral Drugs, and Diagnostics
8.1 SARS Coronavirus Vaccine Development	p. 553
8.2 Development of Vaccines and Passive Immunotherapy Against SARS Coronavirus using Mouse and SCID-PBL/hu Mouse Models	p. 561
8.3 Inhibition and Escape of SARS-CoV Treated with Antisense Morpholino Oligomers	p. 567
8.4 Validation of Coronavirus E Proteins Ion Channels as Targets for Antiviral Drugs	p. 573
8.5 Identification of Essential Genes as a Strategy to Select a SARS Candidate Vaccine using a SARS-CoV Infectious cDNA	p. 579
8.6 Structure and Dynamics of SARS Coronavirus Main Proteinase (M PRO )	p. 585
8.7 Highly Attenuated Vaccinia Virus DIs as a Potential SARS Vaccine	p. 593
8.8 Renilla Luciferase as a Reporter to Assess SARS-CoV mRNA Transcription Regulation and Efficacy of Anti-SARS-CoV Agents	p. 597
8.9 Virucidal Effect of a Newly Developed Nickel Alloy on Mouse Coronavirus	p. 601
8.10 Construction of a Full-length CDNA Infectious Clone of a European-like Type 1 PRRSV Isolated in the U.S	p. 605
8.11 Identification and Evaluation of Coronavirus Replicase Inhibitors using a Replicon Cell Line	p. 609
Index	p. 615